This is the translation of the third revised and enlarged Russian edition of the textbook, which is intended for the secondary and vocational schools, and is a companion volume to the sixth edition of Vasyuchenko’s Chemistry (1966). The problems in each section are preceded by concise reviews of theoretical principles and exemplary solutions of typical problems. The numeration of the problems con­ sists of two parts, the first designating the chapter to which a particular problem belongs and the second figure denoting the ordinal number of the problem within the given chapter. For example, problem 5 in Chapter Six is designated 6.5. The book was translated from the Russian by A. Rosinkin and was first published by Mir in 1974. CONTENTSIntroduction 10Chapter One. Basic Concepts and Laws of Chemistry. Theory of Atoms and Molecules. 111. Gram-Atom. Gram-Molecule . 112. Gram-Molecular Volume. Relative Density of Gas 123. Calculations from Chemical Formulas. 164. Calculations from Chemical Equations. 22Chapter Two. The Halogens . 335. Chlorine and Its Compounds. 33 6. Bromine and Its Compounds. 39 7. Iodine and Its Compounds. 41 8. Fluorine and Its Compounds. 42 9. Laboratory Exercises. 4310. Review Problems 43Chapter Three. Alkali Metals 45 11. Sodium and Potassium. 45Chapter Four. 'Periodic Law and Periodic System of Elements of D. I. Mendeleyev. Structure of Matter 4612. Periodic Law and Periodic System of Elements. 46 13. Radioactivity and Atomic Structure. 48 14. Electronic Theory of Atomic Structure. Atom Nucleus and Its Electron Shells. 49 15. Atomic Structure and Valence. Formation of Chemical Compounds and Simple Substances. 50Chapter Five. Solutions. Basic Principles of Theory of Electro­lytic Dissociation. 5016. Solutions. Solubility. 50 17. Percentage Concentration of Solutions. 52 18. Determining Quantities of Acids and Alkalis in Given Quantities of Solutions from Density of the Starting Substance 5619. Mixing Rule. 5920. Laboratory Exercises (Preparation of Solutions) 6821. Molar Concentration of Solutions. 6822. Equivalent Weight. Gram-Equivalent. 71 23. Normality of Solutions 7324. Electrolytic Dissociation. Electrolysis. 7725. Laboratory Exercises 8226. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. 82Chapter Six. Oxygen. Sulphur and Its Compounds 9127. Ozone. Hydrogen Peroxide 9128. Sulphur and Hydrogen Sulphide. 9229. Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphurous Acid. 9330. Sulphur Trioxide, Sulphuric Acid and ItsSalts. 9431. Laboratory Exercises 9632. Review Problems  96Chapter Seven. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Their Compounds 9733. Nitrogen and Its Compounds. 9734. Laboratory Exercises. 10035. Review Problems. 10136. Phosphorus and Its Compounds. 101Chapter Eight. Carbon, Silicon and Their Compounds 10437. Carbon and Its Compounds. 104 38. Laboratory Exercises. 106 39. Review Problems. 10740. Silicon and Its Compounds 107Chapter Nine. Metals 10941. InteractionBetween Metals and Acids. 109 42. Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals 11143. Magnesium and Its Compounds. 11344. Alkaline-Earth Metals. 11445. Aluminium. 11646. Tin. 11747. Lead. 11848. Chromium. 11949. Manganese. 12050. Iron. 12151. Copper. 12352. Silver. 125 53. Gold. 12554. Zinc. 125 55. Mercury. 12756. Laboratory Exercises. 12857. Review Problems. 129  Chapter Ten. Hydrocarbons. 13058. Hydrocarbons. 130 59. Laboratory Exercises 135Chapter Eleven. Alcohols. Phenols. Aldehydes. 13560. Alcohols. 135 61. Phenols. 137 62. Aldehydes. Ketones  138Chapter Twelve. Carboxylic Acids. Esters. Fats . 14063. Carboxylic Acids  140 64. Esters. Fats. 143 65. Laboratory Exercises and Review Problems. 143Chapter Thirteen. Carbohydrates. Nitrocompounds. 14466. Carbohydrates 14467. Nitrocompounds. Amines. Carbamide. 14568. Laboratory Exercises andReview Problems 147Chapter Fourteen. High-Molecular Synthetic Substances (Poly­mers)  14869. Monomers. 148 70. Laboratory Exercises 148Appendices. 149 Answers to Problems T54