Book digitized by Google from the library of the New York Public Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb. xxxvii, 720 pages ; 24 cm Bibliographies interspersed Introduction -- Chapter I. Plan -- The church and the world -- Idea of church history -- Proper province of church history -- Relation to the General History of religion -- Mode of treating church history -- Value of church history -- Sources -- Auxiliary sciences -- Division -- Chapter II. General literature -- Potential church history -- French ecclesiastical historians -- Protestant scientific church history -- Writers of the German Catholic church -- Ancient Church history -- Period I. From Christ to Constantine -- General view and original authorities -- Division I. Establishment of the church -- Chapter I. Introductory history -- I. Classic heathenism -- Popular life among the Greeks -- Limits of Grecian refinement -- The religion of Greeks -- Relation of philosophy to the popular religion -- Rome as a Republic -- Decline of Greece -- Elevation and decline of Rome -- Decline of the popular religion -- II. Judaism -- The religious life of the people -- The dispersed Jews -- Hellenism -- The three sects -- The Samaritans -- Proselytes -- Chapter II. The Apostolic church -- The first Pentecost -- Fortune of the church of Jerusalem -- Jewish Christianity -- Samaritan Christians and sects -- Paul -- Peter -- Position of parties in the time of Paul -- John -- Parties in the time of John -- Traditions respecting the apostles -- Apostolical fathers of the first century -- Political overthrow of Judaism -- The Roman civil power -- Constitution of the local churches -- Ecclesiastical life -- Mode of worship -- Doctrines of the church -- Division II. Formation of the Catholic church -- Chapter I. Struggle of the church for its own existence -- The Jews -- The Roman people and empire -- Conduct of the individual emperors of the second and third centuries -- Internal history of paganism -- New-platonism -- Literary controversies of Christianity -- The Christian apologists -- Religion of Barbarous nations -- Spread of Christianity -- The last persecution -- The martyrs -- Chapter II. Social constitution of the church -- Original documents on ecclesiastical law -- The clergy and the laity -- Bishops -- Synods -- Metropolitans -- The three great bishops -- The Catholic church and its branches -- Chapter III. Ecclesiastical life -- St. Anthony -- Ecclesiastical disciples -- The Montanists -- The Novations -- Holy Seasons, and the controversy about Easter -- -- Sacred Places, and their decoration -- Sacred Services -- Chapter IV. Doctrines of the church, and opinions opposed to them -- Sources from which the church derived its system of faith -- Apostolic Fathers of the second century -- Ecclesiastical literature and heresy -- Ebioinism -- I. Gnosticism -- II. Syrian Gnostics -- III. Hellenistic Gnostics -- IV. Gnostics, in an especial sense Christian -- V. Judaizing Gnostics -- VI. Influence of Gnosticism upon the church -- Manichaeism -- Historic-ecclesiastical theology -- Thascius Caecilianus Cyprianus -- I. The school of Alexandria -- II. Characteristics of the Alexandrian theology -- III. Influence of Origin -- Appendix to the literary history -- Apocryphal literature -- Subordinationists and Monarchians Period II. From Constantine to Charles the Great -- General overview -- Chapter I. Victory and defeat of Christianity -- Constantine and his sons -- Julianus Apostata -- The fall of paganism -- Massalians and hypsistarians -- Christianity under the Persians -- Abyssinia and the Diaspora -- Mohammed -- Victories of Islam -- Chapter II. Theology and science -- Conflicts and sources of the ecclesiastical life -- I. The Arian controversy -- The synod of Nicaea -- Athanasius and Arius -- Minor controversies -- The synod of Constantinople and the Holy Trinity -- Ecclesiastical literature -- The origenistic controversy -- Snyesius, Ephiphanius, and Hicronymus -- Chrsystotom -- II. The pelagian controversy -- Pelagianism and Augustinism -- Augustinus -- Victory of Augustinism -- Semipelagianism -- IV. Controversies respecting the two natures of Christ. -- The Nestorian controversy -- The Eutychian controversy -- The monophysites -- Justinian -- The edict of peace and monophysite church -- The monthelite controversy -- Ecclesiastical literature -- Chapter III. Social constitution of the church -- Legislation and books of law -- The Roman empire -- Power of the emperor over the church -- Ecclesiastical jurisdiction -- Church property -- The congregation and the clergy -- The patriarchs -- The Roman bishops before Leo -- Leo the Great -- The papacy after Leo. Gregory the Great -- General councils and the Catholic church -- Chapter IV. Ecclesiastical life -- Religious Spirit of the people and ecclesiastical discipline -- Celibacy and moral condition of the clergy -- Monastic life in the east -- Hermits. Simeon Stylites -- Monasticism in the West. Benedictines -- Veneration for saints -- Public worship -- Ecclesiastical architecture and works of art -- Iconoclastic controversy -- Chapter V. Opponents of the ordinary ecclesiastical system -- General view -- The donatists -- Audians, Massalians -- Priscilianus -- Protesting ecclesiastical teachers -- History of the Paulicians -- Division II. The Germanic church -- Original authorities -- Chapter I. Establishment of Christianity -- Religion of the Germans -- Religion of the northern German nations -- Arianism -- Victory of Catholicism -- British and Anglo-Saxon church -- Irruption of Islam in the West -- Germany, Bonifacius -- The Saxons -- Overthrow of German paganism -- Chapter II. Social constitution of the church -- Original records of the Canon law -- Relation of the church to the State -- Property of the church and the clergy -- Ecclesiastical power of the pope -- Secular power of the pope -- Charles the Great -- Chapter III. Ecclesiastical life -- Religious Spirit of the people -- Ecclesiastical discipline -- Morals of the clergy and canonical life -- Chapter IV. Ecclesiastical life -- Preservation of literature -- Scientific education under the Carolignians -- Adoptionists -- Medieval Church history -- Period III. From Charles to Innocent III. -- General view and authorities -- Chapter I. General development of the papacy -- General view -- Donation of Constantine in the ninth century -- Pseudo-Isidore -- The female pope Joanna -- Nicholas I and Hadrian II -- Formosus and Stephen VI -- Pornocracy -- The popes under the othos -- The papacy until the synod of Sutri -- The popes under Hildebrand -- Gregory VII -- Gregory's successors -- The crusades. Conquest of Jerusalem -- Paschal II -- Calixtus II. Concordate of Worms -- Arnold of Brescia, and Bernard of Clairvaux -- The crusade of St. Bernard -- Frederic I. Barbarossa -- Thomas Becket -- The crusade against Salaheddin -- Henry VI. -- Innocent III -- Chapter II. Social constitution of the church -- Gratian and his predecessors -- Ecclesiastical power of the papacy -- The cardinals -- The bishops and the bishops' chapters -- Ecclesiastical jurisdiction -- Property of the church -- Chapter III. Ecclesiastical life -- The religious spirit of the people -- manners of the clergy -- Church discipline -- Public worship -- Monastic life -- The congregation of clugny -- Minor orders of the eleventh century -- The Cistercians and St. Bernard -- Praemonstrants and Carmelites -- The Trinitarieans -- The humiliates -- Establishment of the orders of knighthood -- Chapter IV. State of science in the church -- Scientific education of the ninth century -- First Eucharistic controversy -- Gottschalk -- Literary interest during the tenth century under the Othos -- Academical studies in the eleventh and twelfth centuries -- The second Eucharistic controversy -- Scholasticism. First period -- Mysticism, First period -- Abelard, 1079-April21, 1142 -- The sacred scriptures -- Commencement of a national literature in the Twelfth century Chapter V. Extension of the Roman catholic church -- The Holy Ansgar -- Germanic nations of the north -- The Slavic nations -- The Hungarians -- The Finns, Livonians, Esthonians -- Chapter VI. Parites Protesting agsint the church -- The Catharists -- Peter of Bruys and Henry. Tanchelm and Eon -- The Waldenses -- The Albigensian War -- Chapter VII. The oriental church -- Extension of the church -- The Roman Empire and the church -- Photius -- Division of the church -- State of science -- Paulicians -- Period IV. From Innocent III. To Luther -- Chapter I. Relation of the papacy to general affairs -- Frederic II. -- Overthrow of the House of Hohenstaufen -- St. Louis -- Termination of the Crusades -- Rudolph of Hapsburg. Sicilian vespers -- The hermit in the papal chair -- Boniface VIII -- Commencement of the Babylonian exile -- Louis of Bavaria. Joanna I of Naples -- Close of the Babylonian empire -- The schism -- Council of Pisa -- Council of Constance -- Martin V -- Council of Basle -- The popes until the end of the fifteenth century -- Alexander VI -- Julius II -- Leo X -- Chapter II. Corpus juris canonici -- The state and the church -- Ecclesiastical power of the papacy -- Ecclesiastical assemblies -- The national churches -- The bishops and their jurisdiction -- The inquisition -- Chapter III. Ecclesiastical life -- The two great mendicant orders -- Public worship -- Flourishing period of the imitative arts in the church -- Worship of the saints -- Miracles and magic -- Church discipline and indulgences -- Flagellants and dancers -- Morals of the clergy -- Religious character of the people -- Survey of the monastic life -- More independent associations -- The templars and the knights of St. John -- Chapter IV. Ecclesiastical literature -- Scholasticism: Second period -- Scholasticism: Third period -- Mysticism: Second period -- Excesses and compromises -- The so-called revival of literature -- John Reuchlin -- Desiderius Erasmus -- The Holy Scriptures -- The doctrine of the church -- Ethics and casuistry -- Chapter V. Extension of the Roman Catholic Church -- Apologetics. Islam. Judaism -- Prussia. Lithunia. Lapland -- Prester John and the Mongols -- The new world -- Chapter VI. Opposition and reform -- General view -- I. Hostile parties -- The Stedingers and the heretical Ghibellines -- Fraternity of the Free Spirit -- Order of the apostles -- Termination of the earlier sects -- II. Reform -- Reformation in the head and members -- John Wycliffe -- John Huss and the Husites -- The Bohemian and Moravian brethren -- learned precursors of the reformation in Germany -- Jerome Savonarola -- Chapter VII. The Greek church -- Arsenius -- The light of God and philosophy -- Attempts at union -- End of the Greek empire -- Modern Church History -- Period V. From Luther to the peace of Westphalia -- General view -- Chapter I. The German reformation -- Original authorities and literary history -- I. Establishment of the Lutheran church till 1532 -- Luther's youth -- The ninety-five theses -- Interference of the pope -- Amicable negotiations -- Deputation at Leipsic, June 27-July, 16, 1519 -- Melancthon. General affairs -- Appeal to the Christian nobility of the German nation -- Babylonian captivity and Christian freedom -- The fire-signal -- Political relations till 1521 -- Diet at Worms, 1521 -- The Wartburg, and the tumult at Wittenberg, 1521,1522 -- System of doctrines and the scriptures -- Diet at Nuremberg, 1522, 1523 -- Introduction of the reformation -- Commencement of the division in Germany, 1524-1526 -- The king and the theologian -- Peasant's war, 1524,1525 -- Erasmus and Luther. Cont. from ʹ285 -- Luther's domestic life, and his colleagues -- Religious liberty and the protestation -- Synod of Homburg, 1526. Saxon church visitation, 1527-1529 -- The diet of Augsburg, 1530 -- League of Smalkald and peace of Nuremberg -- II. Establishment of the reformed church until 1531 -- Youth and doctrine of Zwingle -- Introduction of the reformation -- Division of the Swiss confederacy -- The Sacrementarian controversy -- III. Establishment of the Lutheran church until 1555 -- Articles of Smalkald -- Progress and political power of the reformation -- Negotiations for peace and preparations for war -- Luther's death and public character -- The Smalkaldic war, 1546-7 -- The interim -- Maurice, 1552 -- Religious peace, Sept. 25,155 IV. Establishment of the Reformed church until 1564 -- The concordium of Wittenberg. Cont. from ʹ338 -- Italian Switzerland -- John Calvin, July 10, 1509-May 27, 1564 -- Chapter II. Establishment of a protestant orthodoxy -- I. Lutheranism -- The Antinomian and Osiandrian controversies -- Lutherans and Philippists. General affairs -- The Synergistic controversy -- Crypto-Calvinism. Cont. from ʹ344 -- Efforts at Concord -- Reaction of Saxon Calvinism -- Spirit and result of the doctrinal controversy -- II. Calvinism -- German reformed church -- The Netherlands -- The Synod of Dort, Nov. 13, 1618-end of May, 1619 -- Chapter III. Progress of the reformation through Europe -- The united Austrian states until 1609 -- Sweden -- Denmark with Norway and Iceland -- Poland, Livonia, and Koorland -- I. Great Britain and Ireland -- Establishment of the Anglican church -- origin of the Puritans and Independents -- Scotland -- Great Britain under the Stuarts -- II. France -- The night of St. Bartholomew -- The edict of Nantes -- Spain and Italy -- Chapter IV. Fanatics and Ultaists of the reformation -- General relations of the reformation -- Anabaptists as fanatics -- Anabaptists as an orderly community. Collegiants -- Antitrinitarians -- Socinians -- Casper Schwenckfeld, of Ossing. Sebastian Franck -- Chapter V. Condition and results of Protestantism -- Protestantism as a principle -- Morals -- Law -- The clergy, and church property -- Public worship and art -- Humanistic education and holy scriptures. Cont. from ʹ284 -- Philosophy and theosophy. Mysticism and practical Christianity -- Chapter VI. The roman catholic church -- The popes in the age of reformation, till 1585 -- Ignatius de Loyola, 1491-1556 -- Development of Jesuitism -- The council of Trent, Dec. 13, 1545-Dec. 14, 1563 -- Sixtus V., April 27, 1585-Aug. 27, 1590 -- Popes of the seventeenth century -- Law and political relations -- Great change in the character of Catholicism -- Fraternities for instruction and charity -- The fine arts -- The sacred scriptures. Cont. from ʹʹ286, 386 -- Laws respecting doctrines and internal theological controversies -- Efforts at reconciliation, and controversies with the protestants -- The propaganda -- The east indies -- Japan -- China -- West indies. Cont. from ʹ290 Chapter VII. The thirty years' war -- Occasions -- The Bohemian war. Cont. from ʹ357 -- The German war -- The peace of Westphalia -- Chapter VIII. The oriental church -- Connections with Protestants -- The Russian church -- The Abyssinians and Maronites -- Period VI. From the peace of Westphalia to the present time -- General view -- Chapter I. Protestant evangelical church until 1750 -- German orthodoxy -- George Calixtus, 1586-1656 -- Pietism. Spener, 1685-1705 -- Philosophical influences. Cartesius to Wolf -- Peacable movements in theology -- Law and legal views in the German church -- Legal relations to the catholic church -- Attempts at union -- The English revolution. Cont. from ʹ 364 -- Freethinkers or deists -- The Quakers -- The united brethren. Zinzendorf, 1700-1760 -- The Methodists. Wesley, 1703-1791. Whitefield, 1714-1770 -- The church of the new Jerusalem. Swedenborg, 1688-1772 -- Minor fanatical parties -- Spread of Christianity -- Chapter II. Roman catholic church until 1750 -- The papacy -- The Gallican church -- Jansenism -- I. Port-royal -- II. The constitution unigenitus -- Mysticism, Quietism, and pious humor -- Newly established orders -- Spread of Christianity. Cont. from ʹ 394ss -- Chapter III. Roman catholic church until 1814 -- I. matters preliminary to the revolution -- French philosophy. Cont. from ʹ 416 -- Clement XIII (1758-69) and the Jesuits -- Clement XIV (1769-74) and the Jesuits -- Pius VI (1774-99) and his age until 1789 -- II. French revolution -- The national assembly (constituante) 1789-1791 -- The legislative assembly and national convention, 1791-1795 -- Theophilanthropists, 1796-1802 -- The roman republic. Cont. from ʹ433 -- III. The era of Napoleon -- Pius VII and the re-establishment of the Gallican church -- Dispute between the emperor and the pope -- Overthrow of the ecclesiastical German constitution -- Chapter IV. The protestant evangelical church till 1814 -- The age of enlightenment. Cont. from ʹʹ416, 430 -- Christian reaction. Prussian religious edict -- Revolution in German literature -- Reformation of philosophy in Germany -- Rationalism and supernaturalism -- The ecclesiastical party in Germany -- Small fanatical parties -- Civil relations of protestants under catholic governments. Cont. from ʹ 413 Chapter V. The protestant evangelical church till 1853 -- Development of Protestantism -- The philosophy of the absolute, and its ramifications -- Orthodox pietism and its extremes -- Undecided controversies between old and new Protestantism -- Prussia, the union and the agenda till 1840. Cont. from §414 -- Lutheranism as a sect under Frederic William III -- Legal views and legal relations in German Countries -- The Prussian national church and its branches since 1840 -- Combinations -- The scriptures. Cont. from §§ 379, 411 -- Calvinism as a sect -- Division of the church in Scotland and in the Pays de Vaud -- The Anglican church and the Dissenters -- Ecclesiastical affairs in the North American republic -- Legal condition with respect to catholic governments -- Old and new sects -- Missionary and Bible Societies -- Spread of Christianity -- Chapter VI. The Roman Catholic church till 1853 -- Re-establishment of the roman hierarchy. Cont. from § 439 -- The popes before the last -- Pius IX (June 16, 1846) and Italy -- The Gallican church -- Spain, Portugal, South America -- Belgium and Holland -- Restoration of the German church -- The ecclesiastical controversy in Prussian Germany -- The German church since 1848 -- Switzerland -- Ireland and England -- Forms of Catholicism -- German Catholicism -- Mystics and wonder-workers -- Orders -- Spread of Christianity. Cont. from §§ 394, 429 -- Chapter VII. The oriental church -- Catholic and protestant influences -- Russia. Cont. from § 404 -- Greece and Turkey -- Chapter VIII. Common details and mutual relations -- Catholicism and Protestantism -- The fine arts. Cont. from §§ 378, 390 -- Emancipation and conversion of Jews -- Abolition of slavery -- St. Simonism and socialism -- The Holy Alliance