The Life And Letters Of St. Francis Xavier, Volume 1 The Life And Letters Of St. Francis Xavier, Volume 2  CONTENTS BOOK IV. FROM THE RETURN OF FRANCIS TO INDIA TO HIS SAILING FOR JAPAN. 1548-1549. CHAPTER I. FRANCIS REVISITING THE PARAVAS. Francis with the Bishop at Cochin. 1 Letter of the King to the Governor 2 Orders regarding religion 3 Character of the Governor 4 Death of Miguel Vaz 5 LETTER LVI. TO JOHN III KING OF PORTUGAL, COCHIN, JAN. 20, 1548. Information as to the East 6 As to Ceylon in particular 6 Perplexity of Francis as to speaking his mind 7 Causes of mischief to religion 8 Declaration which the King should make 9 Governors and Commandants charged with the interests of religion 10 And to be punished for their neglect 10 Great results to be expected from this policy 11 Francis obliged in conscience to speak 11 Thoughts of Japan 12 Want of preachers of the Society 12 Danger of decay in religion 13 Calumnies against the Bishop 13 Favours asked for Pedro Gonsalvez 14 Increase of religious of the Society in India 16 LETTER LVII. TO THE REVEREND FATHER IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, COCHIN, JAN. 20, 1548. Spiritual needs 16 Preachers and men of approved virtue wanted 16 Indulgences again asked for 17 Arrangements of the missioners 17 LETTER LVIII. TO MASTER SIMON RODRIGUEZ, COCHIN, JAN. 20, 1548. Charge to send preachers 18 Men of virtue required 18 Declaration from the King wanted 19 Responsibility of the King 19 He should prepare for judgment. 19 Charge to be given to his officers 20 Cruel treatment of the converts 20 Francis revisits the Paravas 21 Good state of the neophytes 21 Newly arrived missioners 22 Francis collects them at Munahpaud 22 LETTER LIX. INSTRUCTION TO THE MISSIONERS OF THE COMORIN COAST 23 Care as to baptizing children 23 Continual instruction of children 24 Assemblies on Sundays and Saturdays 25 Explanation of the creed in Malabar 26 Care of the sick 26 Public funerals 27 Settlement of disputes 27 Caution as to punishments 28 As to the Portuguese 29 The Malabar priests 29 The Commandant 29 Conversation with the Portuguese 30 Letters to the Fathers and the Bishops 31 Importance of the care of children 32 Grammar and dictionary of the Malabar tongue 33 Affairs of Ceylon 33 The King of Candy 34 CHAPTER II. FRANCIS AND DON JOAM DE CASTRO Joam de Castro 35 His exploit at Diu 36 Triumphant entry into Goa 37 Don Joam and the affairs of religion 38 Treachery of the Rajah of Candy 39 Rodrigo Secheira 39 Illness of Don Joam 40 Francis on board the fleet for Aden 41 Conversion of a sinner 41 Diego Pereira 43 LETTER LX. TO DIEGO PEREIRA, GOA, APRIL 2, 1548. Pereira exhorted to the care of his conscience 44 Francis at rest 45 Anecdotes of this time 46 Last illness of Don Joam 47 Honours and rewards from Portugal 48 Don Joam's deathbed 49 His devotion to the Cross 50 CHAPTER III. FRANCIS XAVIER AND HIS RELIGIOUS BRETHREN Garcia de Sa, Governor of India 51 Francis at the College 52 Arrivals from Portugal — Caspar Baertz 53 Caspar on the voyage 55 Antonio Gomez 55 Joam Fernandez 57 Alfonso de Castro 58 Caspar at Goa 59 Report of the murder of Francis 60 Notices of him in the letters of this time 61 The Comorin Coast 62 LETTER LXI. TO FATHER FRANCESCO ENRIQUEX, PUNICAL, OCT 19, 1548. Difficulties of the work 63 Its great importance 64 Hostility of Satan 64 The Rajah of the Maidive Isles 65 LETTER LXII. TO FATHER IGNATIUS MARTINEZ, GOA, DEC. 22, 1548. The College of Villa Viciosa 66 Letters from Europe 66 LETTER LXIII. TO THE REV FATHER MASTER IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, GENERAL OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, ROME, COCHIN, JAN. 14, 1549. Character of the Indians 67 Trials from the climate and hardships 68 Qualities required in missioners 68 In the Rector at Goa 69 No force in the Society 69 Distribution of the missioners in the East 70 Difficulties from the natives 70 Prospects in Japan 71 Dangers in the journey 72 What Simon Rodriguez might do in India 72 Recruits to be sent 73 The seminary at Cranganor 73 Fra Vincenzo's wishes 74 Francis asks for a mass at S. Pietro in Montorio 74 Statements of Anger about Japan 75 Chinghinquo 75 Sakyamouni 76 Antonio Criminale 76 LETTER LXIV. TO THE REV FATHER MASTER IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, GENERAL OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, ROME, COCHIN, JAN. 14, 1549. Account of the missioners in India 77 The Japanese way of writing 78 LETTER LXV. TO JOHN III. KING OF PORTUGAL, COCHIN, JAN. 28, 1549. Commendation of Father Joam de Villa Conde 79 Hostility of the King of Ceylon to religion 80 Terrible responsibility of the King of Portugal 81 The Armenian bishop. 82 The hour of death 83 LETTER LXVI. TO MASTER SIMON RODRIGUEZ, COCHIN, JAN. 28, 1549. Joy at the arrival of new Fathers 84 Preachers wanted 84 Orphans of the Portuguese 85 Thoughts of Japan 85 The University of Chinghinquo 86 Wine wanted for mass 87 Help for Socotra 87 Intended arrangements at Goa 88 The College at Bazain 89 Cranganor 89 Indulgences for the churches 90 Estevan Luis Buralho 90 Niccolo Lancilotti 91 News from Malacca 92 Reported death of Joam Beira 92 Death of Adam Francesco 93 Simon should come out himself 94 LETTER LXVII. TO MASTER SIMON RODRIGUEZ, FEB. 1, 1549. Recommendation of two citizens of Malacca 95 LETTER LXVIII. TO MASTER SIMON RODRIGUEZ, COCHIN, JAN. 25, 1549. Introduction of the bearer 97 Francis at Cochin 99 CHAPTER IV. ARRANGEMENT OF THE MISSIONS IN INDIA. Francis intends to go to Japan 100 Attractions of the enterprize 101 Prayers for guidance 101 Discovery of Japan by Mendez Pinto 102 Arrangements to be made in India. 103 Ormuz 104 Great moral corruption there 105 Caspar Baertz destined for the mission 106 Instructions given him by Francis 107 He reveals himself in them 108 LETTER LXIX. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, GOING TO ORMUZ, GOA, MARCH 1549. Care to practise lowly employments 109 The poor, the hospitals, the prisons 110 Restitution money to be handed to the Brotherhood of Mercy 110 Great prudence and watchfulness 111 Consideration of human instability 112 Prudence in sermons 112 Not to reprove any by name 113 Private admonitions 114 Carefulness in preparing men for confession 115 Restitution before absolution 115 Great charity with the timid in confession 116 How to deal with doubts as to the faith 117 Penitents to be questioned 118 Especially officials of the treasury 119 Obedience to the Bishop's Vicar 119 Respect to the Commandant 120 Refusal to carry complaints to him 121 Rule as to different ministrations 121 Letters to Goa 122 Inquiry as to dominant vices 122 Kindness to all 123 Rule of life given to penitents 124 How to deal with postulants and novices 125 They must not be too much mortified 126 How to correct them by making them argue against their own faults 127 Similar treatment of sinners 127 Some sinners to be moved by threats of temporal chastisement 128 Circumspection in dealing with all 129 Skilful correction 130 Knowledge of men and of their ways 131 They should be led to make general confessions 132 Hindrance of lawsuits 133 Gaspar to remain three years 133 Duties on board ship 134 What men listen to willingly 135 Study of books 135 Maintenance from the King 136 Invitations and presents 137 Where Gaspar is to reside 137 Conclusion 137 Ordinations at Goa 138 Paul of Camerino 139 Arrangements at Goa 139 LETTER LXX. TO FATHER PAUL OF CAMERINO, GOA, APRIL 15, 1549. Paul is made Superior 140 Antonio Gomez Rector of the College 141 Carefulness to help the missioners 142 The labourers in the Moluccas 143 Letters to be written 143 Preachers to be provided 144 Missioners not to be moved 145 But kindly received at Goa 146 Francis sails for Malacca 147 His companions 147 Alfonso de Castro 147 CHAPTER V. FRANCIS STARTING FOR JAPAN. Conversion during the voyage to Malacca 148 Zeal of Perez and Oliveira 148 Joam Bravo 149 Vasco de Gama 150 His four sons 150 LETTER LXXI. TO JOHN III, KING OF PORTUGAL, MALACCA, FEAST OF CORPUS CHRISTI, 1549. Intention to go to Japan 150 The Japanese converts 151 Zealous kindness of Pedro de Silva 151 Gratitude of Francis to the Portuguese 152 The King to think of his last hour 153 LETTER LXXII. TO FATHERS PAUL OF CAMERINO, ANTONIO GOMEZ, AND BALTHASAR GAGO, MALACCA, FEAST OF CORPUS CHRISTI, 1549. Voyage to Malacca 154 Kindness of the Commandant 155 Alfonso de Castro's first mass 155 Expected letters 156 Prayers for the Commandant 157 Expected letters for the Moluccas from the King 157 Queen Isabella and Balthasar Veloz 158 Antonio Gomez urged to affability and modesty 159 Father Paul to preserve internal charity 160 Great deference and love to the Bishop 160 Prayers to be made for the King 161 Preachers for Cochin and Bazain 161 Necessity of a house at Coulan 162 Balthasar Gago to epitomise news from Europe 163 Ruy Gonzalez 163 Hopefulness as to Japan 164 Francis eager to embark 164 No Portuguese ship ready 165 Alfonso Martinez, Vicar of Malacca 165 LETTER LXXIII. TO JOAM BEIRA, MALACCA, JUNE 20. Indian news sent by others 167 Intended voyage to Japan 168 Alfonso de Castro to stay at Ternate 169 Francis anxious for news from the Moluccas 169 Carefulness in writing to Europe 170 Letters to Goa, and to Francis himself 171 Power of expulsion from the Society 171 Alfonso to make up the letters 172 Provisions as to obedience 173 LETTER LXXIV. TO THE FATHERS AND BROTHERS OF THE COLLEGE OF COIMBRA, MALACCA, MALACCA, JUNE 22, 1549. Intended voyage to Japan 175 The Japanese converts 175 Fruits of the Spiritual Exercises 176 Reports of Portuguese merchants rom Japan 177 The haunted house 177 The sign of the Cross 178 Reasonableness of the Japanese 178 Determination of Francis 179 He will go to the King 179 Motives of confidence 180 Dangers of the passage 181 Possible scruples in consequence 182 Father Paul to preserve internal Confidence in God when in danger 183 Abstinence required 183 Japanese monasteries 184 Sermons of the bonzes 185 Remarks on the letter 186 LETTER LXXV. TO FATHER PAUL OF CAMERINO AND FATHER ANTONIO GOMEZ, AT GOA, MALACCA, JUNE 22, 1549. Immense edification given by Francesco Perez 188 Self humiliation of Francis Xavier 189 Rocco Oliveira and his boys 190 Needs of the mission at Malacca 191 To be supplied from Goa 192 Arrangements as to superiority 192 Niccolo Lancilotti at Coulan 193 Martyrdom of Antonio Criminale 194 Introduction to the next letter 195 LETTER LXXVI. TO FATHER PAUL OF CAMERINO AND FATHER ANTONIO GOMEZ, MALACCA, EVE OF ST. JOHN BAPTIST, 1549. Cristoval Carvalho advised to marry 197 The widow of Diego Froez and her daughter 197 The fathers' debt of gratitude to the widow 198 To exert themselves for her 198 The royal rescript 199 Intentions of the King to benefit her family 200 Eagerness of Francis in the matter 200 LETTER LXXVII. TO JOHN III. KING OF PORTUGAL, MALACCA, JUNE 23, 1549. Commendation of Duarte Barreto 201 He deserves some reward from the King 202 Francis on the eve of sailing 203 LETTER LXXVIII. TO JOAM BRAVO, MALACCA, EVE OF ST. JOHN BAPTIST, 1549. Rule of life. Meditation 205 Examination of conscience 205 Faithfulness in observance 206 Continual selfconquest 206 Obedience to Father Perez 207 Openness in confession 207 NOTES TO BOOK IV. 1. Account of Japan sent to Father Ignatius Loyola at Rome, from the statements of Anger (Han-Siro) the Japanese convert 208 2. Account of Japan by Jorge Alvarez 216 Remarks on these accounts 221 Their value 221 BOOK V FROM THE SAILING OF FRANCIS TO JAPAN TO HIS LAST RETURN TO INDIA. 1549-1552. CHAPTER I. Voyage to Japan and stay at Cagoxima. Modern accounts of Japan 225 The voyage from Malacca 225 LETTER LXXIX. TO THE SOCIETY AT GOA, CAGOXIMA, NOV. 5, 1549. The crew of idolaters 227 Consulting the devil by lots 228 Accident to Emmanuel the Chinese 228 The daughter of the captain drowned 229 Reflections of Francis 230 Danger of timidity, 230 Confidence in God to be practised in little matters 231 The vessel at Canton 232 Arrival at Cagoxima 233 Paul's reception at Cagoxima 233 Francis and the Prince of Satsouma 234 The bonzes 234 Francis makes little distinction between the various religions 236 Doubts as to the religion of Ninghsit 236 LETTER LXXIX. (continued). Characteristics of the Japanese 237 Curiosity and hatred of theft 238 Impurity of the bonzes 238 The bonzes and bonzesses 239 Astonishment at the prevalence of unnatural crimes 240 And at the honour paid the bonzes 241 Conversations with Ningh-sit 241 The great field opened in Japan 242 Importance of selfdistrust 242 No reliance but on God 243 Fruits of confidence 244 Care against presumption 244 Resistance to temptation 245 Knowledge of our own weakness 246 Another snare of the devil 247 How to resist it 247 Never to ask with importunity 248 Humble duties 249 Danger of inconstancy 249 Beginnings at Cagoxima 250 The picture of the Madonna 251 Need of knowledge of the language 251 Benefit of dependence on God 252 Of privations in food 253 Possibility of great danger 254 Trust in God 255 Protection of heavenly patrons 255 Assistance of prayers 256 Intended journey to Meaco 256 Japanese universities 257 Letters to the universities of Europe 258 Interview with the Prince 259 Affectionate conclusion 260 Some fathers summoned to Japan 261 LETTER LXXX. TO THE FATHERS CASPAR BACRTZ, BALTHASAR GAGO, AND DIEGO CARVALHEZ, CAGOXIMA, NOV. 4, 1549. They are to come to Japan 262 LETTER LXXXI. TO THE SOCIETY AT GOA, CAGOXIMA, NOV. 8, 1549. Preachers to be distributed in India 263 Teaching of the Catechism 264 Two Japanese bonzes converted. 264 Character of Antonio Gomez 265 Plan of Francis for commerce between India and Japan 266 LETTER LXXXII. TO FATHER ANTONIO GOMEZ, OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, CAGOXIMA, NOV. 5, 1549. Antonio exhorted to great care of his own soul 267 Letters expected from him 268 He is warned not to disobey as to sending the Fathers 269 If one is dead, a substitute to be sent 270 The Governor to be induced to open trade with Osaka 271 Merchants at Goa to be tempted 272 Merchandize in demand in Japan 272 The ships not to linger in Chinese ports 273 Not to be allowed to take too much pepper 273 Express orders from the Governor not to linger 274 Orders for India 275 Postscript by Francis 276 LETTER LXXXIII. TO DON PEDRO DE SILVA, COMMANDANT OF MALACCA, CAGOXIMA, NOV. 5, 1549. Don Pedro's great kindness 277 Prospects in Japan 278 The Japanese do not sin against reason 278 Voyage to Meaco deferred 279 Don Pedro and his father 279 Commerce with Osaka 280 Alms asked for the poor Christians 281 Recommendation of some Japanese 282 Rejoicings at Malacca 282 CHAPTER II. FIRANDO, AMANGUCHI, AND MEACO. The Portuguese at Firando 283 Miracles of Francis at Cagoxima 284 The Prince of Satsouma hostile 285 Francis passes to Firando 286 The Castle of Ekandono 287 Stability of the converts there 288 Visit of Father Luis d'Almeyda 289 Francis w r ell received at Firando 290 He determines to go to Meaco 290 He goes to Amanguchi 291 The Prince of Amanguchi 292 Journey to Meaco 293 Its results 294 Presents to the King of Amanguchi 294 Toleration there 294 LETTER LXXXIV. TO THE SOCIETY AT GOA, AMANGUCHI (JULY 1551). Interference of the bonzes at Cagoxima 295 Occupations there 296 Insults at Amanguchi 297 Meaco 298 The King of Amanguchi 299 Controversies 300 Japanese opinion of the Chinese 301 Zeal and devotion of the new Christians 301 The gift of tongues at Amanguchi 302 Natural virtues of the Japanese 303 Intellectual activity 304 Necessity of picked men as missioners 305 Difficulties of the converts 305 Joam Fernandez insulted when preaching 306 Impression produced by his meekness 306 Conversion of a young doctor 306 CHAPTER III. THE KING OF BOUNGO. Requirements of the Japanese mission 307 Progress and opposition in Amanguchi 308 Portuguese merchants at Figi 309 LETTER LXXXV. TO THE MERCHANTS AT THE PORT OF FIGI, AMANGUCHI, SEPT. 1, 1551. Inquiry as to who they are 309 Recommendation as to their consciences 310 Francis sets out for Figi 311 Joyful reception by the merchants 312 Message from the King of Boungo 313 Solemn procession to the Court 313 Reception at the palace 314 Civan, King of Boungo 315 Conversion of a bonze 316 Revolution at Amanguchi 317 Francis and the King 318 Conference with Fucarandono 319 Fucarandono dismissed by the King 320 Alarm of the Portuguese 321 They resolve to stay with Francis 322 Conferences with the bonzes 323 The one Creator 324 Question as to means of salvation 325 The two Paradises 326 Amida and Buddha 326 Gods foreknowledge of evil 327 And of the sin of Adam 328 Necessity for theological training 329 Francis embarks 330 LETTER LXXXVI. TO THE SOCIETY IN EUROPE, COCHIN, JAN. 29, 1552. Character of the Japanese 331 Bonzes and bonzesses 332 No doctrine of creation 333 The five precepts 333 Teaching of the bonzes 334 Notes of credit on the next world 334 Stay at Cagoxima 335 Amanguchi 335 Meaco 336 Favour of the King of Amanguchi 336 Origin of evil 337 No redemption in hell 337 Converts at Amanguchi 338 Antiquity of the law of God 338 Opposition of the bonzes 340 Relaxation of discipline 340 The Japanese devotions 341 Nectandono and his wife 342 Japanese heaven 342 Message from the King of Boungo 343 Determination to sail for India 344 University of Bandou 345 Austereness of the bonzes 345 The house at Amanguchi 346 Japanese difficulties as to hell 347 The Chinese Empire 248 Great consolations in Japan 349 Names of the Japanese gods 350 Paul and his converts at Cagoxima 351 CHAPTER IV. VOYAGE FROM JAPAN TO INDIA. The vessel caught by a storm 352 Loss of the boat 353 Confidence of Francis Xavier 354 Francis praying in the cabin 356 Return of the boat 356 Circumstances omitted by Mendez Pinto 357 Nan Chan 358 Plans for a Chinese Embassy 359 Sailing for Malacca 360 The Santa Cioce 361 Siege of Malacca in the summer 362 LETTER LXXXV1I. TO THE SOCIETY AT MALACCA, STRAITS OF SINGAPORE, DEC. 30, 1551. Passage to India to be secured 363 Francis at Malacca 364 LETTER LXXXVIII. TO MY HOLY FATHER IN JESUS CHRIST, IGNATIUS, AT ROME, COCHIN, JAN. 29, 1552. Receipt of letter from Ignatius 365 Benefits received in Japan 366 A Rector for Goa 367 Requirements in missioners for Japan 367 Severe trials from the bonzes 368 Men of intellect and training required 369 Great care in selection 370 Pilgrimages recommended 371 State of things at Amanguchi 372 Commendation of the Japanese 372 The Chinese Empire 373 The Chinese and Japanese alphabet 373 Book written in Chinese characters 374 LETTER LXXXIX. TO MASTER SIMON RODRIGUEZ, COCHIN, JAN. 20, 1552. Requisites for the Japanese mission 375 Belgian and German fathers 375 University of Bandou 376 Difficulties of the mission 377 Tyranny of the Portuguese Captain of the Fishery Coast 378 Petition of the Christians 378 Letter to a Vicar General (note) 380 NOTES TO BOOK V. 1. Letter to the Society at Coimbra from Cagoxima, November 5, 1549 382 2. The evidence as to the possession of the gift of tongues by Francis Xavier 383 3. Disputes at Amanguchi between Cosmo Torres and the Bonzes 386 BOOK VI. FROM THE LAST RETURN OF FRANCIS TO INDIA TO HIS DEATH AT SAN CHAN. 1556. CHAPTER I. LAST STAY OF FRANCIS AT COCHIN AND GOA. Rapid movements of Francis Xavier 389 The new Viceroy 390 Death of Nunez Ribero 391 Manuel de Moraes and Francesco Gonzalez 391 Ormuz 392 Disturbance at Cochin 392 Set right by Francis 393 LETTER XC. TO FATHER PAUL OF CAMERINO. COCHIN, FEB. 4, 1552. Dismissals from the Society 393 Melchior Gonzalez and Balthasar Nunez 394 Francis at Goa 395 New arrivals 396 The College of Santa Fe reformed 397 Punishment of Antonio Gomez 398 Impressions of the new Fathers as to Francis 398 He devotes himself to the care of the religious 399 Number of his writings at this time 400 LETTER XCI. TO FATHER MELCHIOR NUNEZ BARRETO, GOA, FEB 29, 1552. Melchior appointed Rector at Bazain 401 Care of revenues 401 Relief to the missioners 402 Great economy in the Seminary 402 Collection of rents 403 Practice of humility 404 Nunez at Bazain 404 LETTER XCII. TO FATHER MELCHIOR NUNEZ, GOA, APRIL 1552. Moderation and humility 405 Goodwill of the Commandant and Clergy 405 Giving others credit for good works 406 LETTER XCIII. TO FATHER MELCHIOR NUNEZ, GOA, APRIL 3, 1552. Melchior's letter received 407 Care to read instructions 407 How to spend the income of the College 408 Intentions of the founders 409 Attention to humble and charitable ministrations 410 Joam Gonzalez Rodriguez at Ormuz 411 LETTER XCIV. TO FATHER JOAM GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ, COLLEGE OF SANTA FE, GOA, MARCH 22, 1552. Hindrances to fruitfulness 412 Obedience to the Vicar 412 Watchfulness over self 413 Rule given to Master Gaspar 413 Asking pardon of the Vicar 414 Fruit to be gained without offence 415 News of Japan 415 Great freedom of Francis in writing 416 Alfonso Cipriani at Meliapor 417 His quarrel with the Vicar 418 LETTER XCV. TO FATHER ALFONSO CIPRIANI, APRIL 1552. Severe blame 419 Harshness the result of negligence 419 No good fruit but by humility 420 The Vicar's pardon to be asked 420 Consideration only won by humility 421 Rules for the future 422 End of the letter in Francis' own hand 422 LETTER XCVI. TO FATHER ANTONIO EREDIA, GOA, APRIL 2, 1552. How to conduct himself at Cochin 423 The Brothers of Mercy 423 Modesty and humility in general conduct 424 Influence the gift of God to men of virtue 424 Examen of conscience 425 Notes after meditation 426 No haste in hearing confessions 427 Necessity of quitting occasions of sin 427 Satisfaction required 428 Care in conversation 428 Letter XCVII. To Father Simon Rodriguez, Goa, March 27, 1552. Andrew Carvalhez sent to Portugal for his health 430 Letter XCVIII. To Father Gaspar Baertz, April 1552. Practice of humility for a preacher 431 God's bounty to the people the cause of success 431 Prayers of the Society throughout the world 432 Compare the results with what might have been 433 Lights in prayer to be noted down 433 Success of a preacher depends on selfcontempt 434 Instances of the punishment of arrogance 434 Nothing of our own in the salvation of souls 43s Lower offices in the Society not to be despised 435 Documents appointing Gaspar Rector 436 Ordering him not to leave Goa 439 Communicating privileges to him 439 Providing successors in case of death 440 LETTER XCIX. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, RECTOR OF THE COLLEGE AT GOA, GOA, APRIL 15, 1552. How to converse with men without offence 441 Rules as to visiting women 442 And as to conversing with them 442 Time to be given to their husbands 443 In case of quarrel, the husband to be led to confession 443 Wives who wish to enter religion to be discouraged 444 Part not to be taken against the husband 444 Men not to be blamed before others 445 Wives to be admonished of their duty 445 Equal balance to be held 446 If the arbiter fails, let him refer them to the Bishop 446 Great moderation in intercourse with all 447 All angry reprehension to be avoided 448 When attacked by other religious, we are to be silent 448 God will reward us 449 The Bishop may be appealed to 449 The Society not to be defended in the pulpit 450 LETTER C. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, GOA, APRIL 1552. Instruction to a Superior 451 Selfabasement and modesty 451 Disobedience and arrogance to be punished 452 Great care as to admission to the Society 453 Exercises to be given fo postulants 453 Instruction as to the vows 454 Fathers at a distance not to admit subjects 455 Superiors to write every year to St. Ignatius 455 Care as to the contents of the letters to Europe 456 Ignatius to be urged to send Indulgences 457 Great profit from the Jubilee 457 Certain classes not to be admitted to the Society 458 Unlearned men not to be made priests 459 First care to be given to home duties 459 Subordinates 460 Greatest care as to functions of widest usefulness 460 Information as to the fathers at a distance 461 Letters to be written to Francis 461 Great respect to the Bishop 462 And to his Vicars 462 Extension of the Jubilee 463 Arrangements for Diu and Japan 463 And for Cochin 464 As to Melchior Nunez 464 Friendship with the Dominicans and Franciscans 465 The Bishop to settle differences 466 Worldly business to be avoided 466 Persons who come to confession to beg 467 Care of the seminary boys 468 Letters to the King 469 Petitions for aid 469 LETTER CL. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, APRIL 1552. Care of the College deeds 470 Annual pension not paid 470 Remedy to be applied 471 Administration of funds 471 Debts to be paid off 472 Warning against building 472 College revenues not to be given away 473 Lists of creditors and debtors 474 How the revenue is to be collected 475 Various orders 476 As to letters to the King 477 LETTER CII; TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, APRIL 1552. About Antonio Gomez and Andrew Carvalhez 477 LETTER CIII: TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, APRIL 1552. Former counsels summed up and repeated 478 Francis refuses a College at Chaul 481 The Chinese Embassy 481 Mission of Andrew Fernandez to Europe 482 The Jubilee 483 LETTER CIV. TO MY FATHER IN CHRIST, ST. IGNATIUS, APRIL 9, 1552. Letter sent in January 483 Designs on China 484 Gaspar made Rector at Goa 484 Needs of Japan 485 Qualities required in the missioners 485 Belgians and Germans 486 A Rector wanted for Goa 486 News of his old companions desired 487 LETTER CV. TO FATHER SIMON RODRIGUEZ IN PORTUGAL, GOA, APRIL 7, 1552. Brethren sent to Japan 488 Qualities which the missioners must have 489 Letter to Ignatius 489 Mass cannot be said in the Japanese universities 490 Needs of the Society in India 491 Grand prospects in view 492 Simon's journey to Rome 492 Intentions of Francis 493 LETTER CVI. TO FATHER SIMON RODRIGUEZ IN PORTUGAL GOA, APRIL 9, 1552. Recommendation of two Japanese 494 The Spaniards and Japan 494 Danger to the latter if they invade Japan 495 Object of the visitors in Europe 495 LETTER CVII. TO JOHN III KING OF PORTUGAL, GOA, APRIL 10, 1552. Letter from Cochin 496 The expedition to China 496 What Francis will do there 497 Grounds of confidence 497 The King urged to ask for missioners 498 And a Rector for Goa 498 At the College 499 Francis taking leave of his friends 499 Last exhortation 500 Maundy Thursday 500 Francis at Cochin 501 LETTER CVIII. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, COCHIN, APRIL 24. 1552. Death of Paolo Valle 501 Enrico Enriquez alone 502 Needs at Coulan 502 Firmness with debtors 503 Carefulness in these temporal matters 503 Eredia at Cochin 504 Alvarez Alfonso 505 Temporal means needed 505 Care as to admissions 506 Balthasar Nufiez and Francesco Lopez 507 Letters to Malacca 508 Warning to Cipriani 508 Departure of Francis 509 CHAPTER II. FRANCIS AND DON ALVARO D'ATAIDE. Hopeful prospects at this time 510 Don Alvaro d'Ataide 511 Grudge against Diego Pereira 511 Don Alvaro made 'Capitan del mare' 511 Voyage to Malacca 512 Plague at Malacca 512 Pereira's rudder seized 513 Fruitless intervention of officials 514 Patience of Francis Xavier 515 He reveals that he is Apostolic Nuncio 516 Intervention of the Vicar 517 Obstinacy of Don Alvaro 517 Francis allowed to go to China alone 518 Letter CIX. To Diego Pereira, June 25, 1552. Humble and affectionate condolence 518 LETTER CX. TO MASTER GASPAR BAERTZ OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, RECTOR AT GOA, MALACCA, JULY 15, 1552. Alvaro Gentili 520 LETTER CXI. TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, MALACCA, JULY 16, 1552. Debt of Francis to Don Pedro de Silva 521 It is to be paid at once 522 Promise made to Diego Pereira 523 Prophecy as to Don Alvaro 524 Disturbance in the Society in Europe 524 Prophecy to Francesco Perez 525 Francis' last day at Malacca 525 Shaking off the dust of his feet 526 CHAPTER III. SAN CHAN The Santa Croce at Singapore 527 Letter CXII. To Father Gaspar Baertz, Rector of the College at Goa, Straits of Singapore, July 20, 1552. Troubles at Malacca 528 Why he desires the publication of the excommunication 529 Missioners sent to Japan 529 Injunctions to be observed 530 LETTER CXIII. TO FATHER JOAM BEIRA, STRAITS OF SINGAPORE, JULY 21, 1552. Interior lights to be kept secret 530 Arrangements to be made at Goa 531 LETTER CXIV. TO FATHER MASTER GASPAR, STRAITS OF SINGAPORE, JULY 22, 1552. An interpreter for Japan 532 Provision for him 533 The best gold to be sent to Japan 533 LETTER CXV. TO JOHN THE JAPANESE, STRAITS OF SINGAPORE, JULY 22, 1552. Provision to be made for him at Goa and Cochin 534 LETTER CXVI. TO DIEGO PEREIRA, A STRAITS OF SINGAPORE, AUG. 1, 1552. Anxiety as to his health 535 Kindness of Pereira's people 536 Letters to the King 536 Recommendation of prudence 537 Sources of spiritual comfort 537 Francesco de Villa 537 The King to be informed as to commerce with China 538 The Bishop's Vicar 539 Great want of water on the voyage 540 Miracle of the water 541 A child restored to life 541 Mussulmans baptized at Tchintcheon 542 Life at San Chan 543 Pedro Velho 543 Promise made to him by Francis 544 Its fulfilment 545 First illness of Francis 545 LETTER CXVII. TO DIEGO PEREIRA, SAN CHAN, OCT. 21, 1552. Agreement with the Canton merchant 545 Merit of Pereira 545 Manuel de Chaves 546 Thoughts of going to Siam 546 Hopes of meeting in China 547 Francesco de Villa 547 LETTER CXVIII. TO FRANCESCO PEREZ OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, SAN CHAN, OCT. 21, 1552. Perez is ordered to leave Malacca 548 To go to Cochin and be Rector there 549 LETTER CXIX. TO FRANCESCO PEREZ OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, SAN CHAN, OCT. 22, 1552. Francis at San Chan 549 Dangers of the voyage to Canton 550 Greater danger of mistrust in God 550 The Chinese at San Chan 551 LETTER CXX. TO FATHER CASPAR BAERTZ, SAN CHAN, OCT. 25, 1552. Attempt to enter Canton 550 Study of humility 552 Carefulness as to admissions 553 Punishment of grave faults 553 Dangers of Francis's plan 554 Soundness of his design 555 LETTER CXXI. TO FATHER FRANCESCO PEREZ OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS, SAN CHAN, NOV. 12, 1552. Great deserts of Diego Pereira 556 Dismissal of Ferreira 557 Arrangements as to leaving Malacca 558 Malacca must certainly be left 559 The voyage to Canton 559 LETTER CXXII. TO DIEGO PEREIRA, CHAN, NOV. 12, 1552. Great debt of Francis to Pereira 560 How he will pay it 561 Hopes as to entering China 562 The voyage to Siam 563 LETTER CXXIII TO FATHER GASPAR BAERTZ, SAN CHAN, NOV. 13, 1552. As to the excommunication of Don Alvaro 564 Reasons for it 564 Few to be admitted to the Society 564 Satan's anger at the designs on China 565 LETTER CXXIV. TO FATHERS FRANCESCO PEREZ AND GASPAR BAERTZ, SAN CHAN, NOV. 13, 1552. Renewed order as to the excommunication 566 Request to be made of the Bishop 566 Why Francis urges this 567 The Bishop to write to his Vicar 568 Danger of the Canton enterprise 568 Gaspar to attend to instructions 569 Fastidiousness as to admissions 570 Frances struck with fever 571 In the cabin of Jorge Alvarez 571 Last days and death 572 His burial 572 Wonderful preservation of his body 572 Taken to Malacca 572 Reception there 573 End of Don Alvaro 574 Joam Beira at Malacca 575 The body embarked for India 575 Miracles on the voyage 575 At Baticala 576 Arrival at Rebandar 576 Reception at Goa 577 Letter from St Ignatius 577 Body of St. Francis at Goa 578