Howard Gardner (Project Zero)
This collection explores Howard Gardner's influential work in cognitive psychology and education, examining its relevance to the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI). Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and emphasis on personalized learning intersect with AI's goal of replicating human-like cognition and adaptability. By analyzing Gardner's ideas in the context of AI, this collection uncovers potential synergies between diverse intelligences and machine learning. Additionally, Gardner's focus on meaningful learning aligns with AI's aims for natural language understanding and empathetic interactions. Through this exploration, readers delve into the fusion of Gardner's legacy and AI's advancements, illuminating pathways to a more comprehensive understanding of human and artificial intelligence. ----Altan, M. Z., Gardner, H., & Altan, M. Z. (2001). Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. TESOL Quarterly, 35(1), 204. doi:10.2307/3587873 BAKER, E., BERRY, T., GARDNER, H., ZURIF, E., DAVIS, L., & VEROFF, A. (1975). Can linguistic competence be dissociated from natural language functions? Nature, 254(5500), 509–510. doi:10.1038/254509a0 Barendsen, L., & Gardner, H. (2004). Is the social entrepreneur a new type of leader? Leader to Leader, 2004(34), 43–50. doi:10.1002/ltl.100 Blake, P. R., & Gardner, H. (2007). A First Course in Mind, Brain, and Education. Mind, Brain, and Education, 1(2), 61–65. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228x.2007.00007.x Brownell, H. H., Simpson, T. L., Bihrle, A. M., Potter, H. H., & Gardner, H. (1990). Appreciation of metaphoric alternative word meanings by left and right brain-damaged patients. Neuropsychologia, 28(4), 375–383. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90063-t Brownell, Hiram H., et al. "Surprise but not coherence: Sensitivity to verbal humor in right-hemisphere patients." Brain and language 18.1 (1983): 20-27.Caramazza, A., Zurif, E. B., & Gardner, H. (1978). Sentence memory in aphasia. Neuropsychologia, 16(6), 661–669. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(78)90001-5 Davis, L., & Gardner, H. (1976). STRATEGIES OF MASTERING A VISUAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN APHASIA. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 280(1 Origins and E), 885–897. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb25551.x Farah, M. J., Illes, J., Cook-Deegan, R., Gardner, H., Kandel, E., King, P., … Wolpe, P. R. (2004). Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(5), 421–425. doi:10.1038/nrn1390 Farah, Martha J., et al. "Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do?." Nature reviews neuroscience 5.5 (2004): 421-425. ["“The pursuit of mastery over our own memories includes erasing undesirable memories as well as retaining desirable ones.”"]Gardner, H. (1973). The contribution of operativity to naming capacity in aphasic patients. Neuropsychologia, 11(2), 213–220. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(73)90010-9 Gardner, H. (1974). The naming and recognition of written symbols in aphasic and alexic patients. Journal of Communication Disorders, 7(2), 141–153. doi:10.1016/0021-9924(74)90027-6 Gardner, H. (1974). The naming of objects and symbols by children and aphasic patients. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 3(2), 133–149. doi:10.1007/bf01067572 Gardner, H. (1979). Entering the World of the Arts: The Child as Artist. Journal of Communication, 29(4), 146–156. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1979.tb01756.x Gardner, H. (1987). The theory of multiple intelligences. Annals of Dyslexia, 37(1), 19–35. doi:10.1007/bf02648057 GARDNER, H. (1989). Project Zero: an Introduction to Arts Propel. Journal of Art & Design Education, 8(2), 167–182. doi:10.1111/j.1476-8070.1989.tb00457.x ["Any long-term participant in arts education, especially in the United States of America, should take some pleasure in the recently-acquired notoriety of our field. Supported primarily by the Getty Center, the national Endowment of the Arts, and various federal and private philanthropies, arts education is now an unmistakable participant in national conversations about educational reform. Such an opportunity is unlikely to arise more than once in a generation, and we should seize it."]Gardner, H. (1990). On “On Education and Geographers: The Role of Cognitive Developmental Theory in Geographic Education’’by Roger M. Downs, Lynn S. Liben, and Debra G. Daggs. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 80(1), 123–124. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1990.tb00007.x Gardner, H. (1993). From conflict to clarification: A comment on Egan’s “narrative and learning: A voyage of implications.” Linguistics and Education, 5(2), 181–185. doi:10.1016/0898-5898(93)90034-8 Gardner, H. (1995). Anatomy of melancholy. Nature, 377(6550), 587–587. doi:10.1038/377587a0 Gardner, H. (1996). The Darwinian family. Nature, 384(6605), 125–126. doi:10.1038/384125a0 Gardner, H. (1997). Fostering diversity through personalized education: Implications of a new understanding of human intelligence. Prospects, 27(3), 346–363. doi:10.1007/bf02736635 GARDNER, H. (1997). Six Afterthoughts: Comments on “Varieties of Intellectual Talent.” The Journal of Creative Behavior, 31(2), 120–124. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1997.tb00784.x Gardner, H. (2000). A Case Against Spiritual Intelligence. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 27–34. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1001_3 Gardner, H. (2000). A Case Against Spiritual Intelligence. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 27–34. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1001_3 Gardner, H. (2000). Negotiation Journal, 16(4), 321–324. doi:10.1023/a:1026628603350 Gardner, H. (2000). Using Multiple Intelligences to Improve Negotiation Theory and Practice. Negotiation Journal, 16(4), 321–324. doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2000.tGardner, H. (2006). On failing to grasp the core of MI theory: A response to Visser et al. Intelligence, 34(5), 503–505. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.04.002 Gardner, H. (2008). Quandaries for Neuroeducators. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2(4), 165–169. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228x.2008.00050.x Gardner, H. (2009). An Education Grounded in Biology: Interdisciplinary and Ethical Considerations. Mind, Brain, and Education, 3(2), 68–73. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228x.2009.01056.x Gardner, H., & Wolf, D. (1979). Editors’ notes: Dimensions of early symbol use. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1979(3), VII–XII. doi:10.1002/cd.23219790302 Gardner, H., & Zurif, E. (1975). Bee but not be: Oral reading of single words in aphasia and alexia. Neuropsychologia, 13(2), 181–190. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(75)90027-5 Gardner, H., Zurif, E. B., Berry, T., & Baker, E. (1976). Visual communication in aphasia. Neuropsychologia, 14(3), 275–292. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(76)90023-3 Gardner, Howard, and Ma Teresa Melero Nogués Montserrat Asensio. Inteligencias múltiples. Barcelona: Paidós, 1998.Gardner, Howard, and Thomas Hatch. "Educational implications of the theory of multiple intelligences." Educational researcher 18.8 (1989): 4-10.Gardner, Howard. "MI after 20 years." The Development and Education of the Mind. Routledge, 2006. 87-93.Gardner, Howard. "Reflections on multiple intelligences." Phi Delta Kappan 77.3 (1995): 200-208.Gardner, Howard. "The five minds for the future." Schools 5.1/2 (2008): 17-24.Grossman, M., Shapiro, B. E., & Gardner, H. (1981). Dissociable musical processing strategies after localized brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 19(3), 425–433. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90072-5 HOWARD GARDNER, Creating Minds: An Anatomy of Creativity Seen Through the Lives of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham and Gandhi. (1996). The Journal of Creative Behavior, 30(3), 213–228. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1996.tb00770.x Jaglom, L. M., & Gardner, H. (1981). The preschool television viewer as anthropologist. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1981(13), 9–30. doi:10.1002/cd.23219811303 ["As a naive viewer of television, the young child is faced with a formidable task- one reminiscent of the challenge confronted by an anthropologist visiting an exotic land. Like the anthropologist, the child beholds a novel, confusing world that she must attempt to unravel-in this case, the televised world of flickering images and sounds. With relatively little help from informants, he or she must examine these messages, classify them, and establish a meaningful organization. Moreover, young children must devise ways of relating their own experiences to the world contained within a box and separated by a glass screen."] Kelly, H., & Gardner, H. (1981). Editors’ notes: Tackling television
on its own terms. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development,
1981(13), 1–7. doi:10.1002/cd.23219811302 Seider, S., &
Gardner, H. (2009). The Fragmented Generation. Journal of College and
Character, 10(4). doi:10.2202/1940-1639.1044 Shapiro, B.
E., Grossman, M., & Gardner, H. (1981). Selective musical
processing deficits in brain damaged populations. Neuropsychologia,
19(2), 161–169. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90101-9 STEIN, Z.,
CONNELL, M., & GARDNER, H. (2008). Exercising Quality Control in
Interdisciplinary Education: Toward an Epistemologically Responsible
Approach. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 42(3-4), 401–414.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00655.x Williams, W. M.,
Blythe, T., White, N., Li, J., Gardner, H., & Sternberg, R. J.
(2002). Practical Intelligence for School: Developing Metacognitive
Sources of Achievement in Adolescence. Developmental Review, 22(2),
162–210. doi:10.1006/drev.2002.0544 Winner, E., Engel, M., &
Gardner, H. (1980). Misunderstanding metaphor: What’s the problem?
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 30(1), 22–32.
doi:10.1016/0022-0965(80)90072-7 Winner, E., McCarthy, M.,
Kleinman, S., & Gardner, H. (1979). First metaphors. New Directions
for Child and Adolescent Development, 1979(3), 29–41.
doi:10.1002/cd.23219790305 ["How we ever come to say, think, or create
something new is one of the most fundamental and, at the same time, one
of the least resolved issues in cognitive psychology. It is this ability
to create something new that distinguishes humans from other animals
and makes advances in diverse forms of knowledge possible."]Winner,
E., Wapner, W., Cicone, M., & Gardner, H. (1979). Measures of
metaphor. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1979(6),
67–75. doi:10.1002/cd.23219790608 ["The ability to decode linguistic
metaphors is a skill that develops relatively late, but the constitution
on which such comprehension rests emerges in the first year"]----Note: "The project described here has been generously supported by a grant to Project Zero from the Markle Foundation. We wish to thank Anitra Fagre, Shari Robinson, Martha Vibbert, and Paula Wilder for their valuable contributions to this project. We also appreciate the advice of other members of Project Zero: Cindy Char, David Fernie, Hope Kelly, and Laurene Meringoff. Finally, we are most grateful to the children who participated in this study and to their parents as well for their cooperation, enthusiasm, and patience throughout the three years of research."
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