In Germany "Antifa" appears to have been started immediately after the collapse of the Communist party in 1933; however it appears (like many similar organizations,) to have been a 'honeypot' operation by the Nazi command to attract potential dissidents, for later extermination. Included at the bottom of this (enormous) collection, is a list of 1990's era Anarchist* journal writers whom are not all deadbeats, but many have gone on to become prestigious professors, and community leaders, unlike how a CNN article describes anarchists eg., written 2022. The list of names was a sample derived from as many open source journals which could be accessed in the Allan Antliff collection at University of Victoria, (before it was removed from the internet.)Antifa has a storied history in the US during the Spanish Civil War.That is not to say all anarchists are foreign spies, but rather that these groups have a history of being deemed dangerous and subversive to national interests, which in turn has created over the last century, (in an ongoing saga,) waves of refugees, who tend to bring their problems with them: - That is what this collection is generally about -Lowry, Brian "'The Anarchists' charts the predictable implosion around 'Anarchapulco' and its founders," CNN, 10 July 2022.https://archive.org/details/lowry2010_cnn----"That is one reason why the refugee problem is such a thorny one for organized international treatment; the government of the country of origin almost always regards the refugee from its territory as disloyal and subversive in one degree or another, and considers any assistance which may be given to him as interference with its sovereign right to rule within its own boundaries." -Malin (1947)"Were Americans betraying Americans? Was there a clear and present danger of revolution in our country?" -Biddle (1955)"If That Be Treason, Let Them Make the Most of It!" -Patrick Henry (29 May 1765)"Anti-subversive legislation is the law designed to exclude subversive individuals from public employment," -Prendergast (1950)"In order to appreciate the status of civil rights in America, particularly in relation to the Negro and other disadvantaged minorities, it is necessary to understand. . . since the end of World War II - and particularly in 1950. . . there has been a decline in freedom of expression and in due process. The threat of militarized Communism and the fear of war and subversion undoubtedly were responsible for much of the hysteria that bred attitudes and legislation repressive of free inquiry and expression." -Malin (1951)"The IWW, the Social Revolutionists and all their allies of anarchism and radical socialism are public enemies and outlaws. They should be hunted down, all who are guilty of treason hanged by swift action of the law, and those who have trodden however timidly toward treason expelled from the land. If emergency legislation is needed to speed the machinery of justice, Congress should give the legislation, and if martial law is needed in regions infested by the Reds, then for martial law we should provide. The 'Reds' are not Americans, no matter under what names they masquerade." -New Orleans Times-Picayune (13 November 1919)----Deery, Phillip. "“A blot upon liberty”: McCarthyism, Dr. Barsky and the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee." American Communist History 8.2 (2009): 167-196.["On 4 May 1949, Dr Edward K. Barsky received some reassuring news. His reappointment as surgeon at Beth Israel Hospital in New York City, where he had worked since 1923, was confirmed for another two years. Twelve months later, the news he received shocked him, and it changed his life. He was informed by the Supreme Court of the United States that he was to commence serving a six month sentence in a Federal penitentiary. Accordingly, he became Prisoner No. 18907. Upon his release, he received further disturbing news. His licence to practise medicine would be revoked. These misfortunes had nothing to do with medical malpractice or professional incompetence. On the contrary, he was widely respected and trusted by patients, colleagues and hospital administrators. Instead, Barsky was paying the heavy price for a political decision he made in 1945 – that, as chairman of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee (JAFRC), he would not cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It was a fateful decision whose consequences could not be foreseen. He did not know it then, but for Edward Barsky, the domestic Cold War had started."]Goldstein, Robert Justin. "The Grapes of McGrath: The Supreme Court and the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations in Joint Anti‐Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath (1951)." Journal of Supreme Court History 33.1 (2008): 68-88.["The so-called Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations (AGLOSO) was one of the most central and widely publicized aspects of the post–World War II Red Scare, which has popularly—if inaccurately—become known as “McCarthyism.” Like many other elements of the Red Scare, the AGLOSO in fact predated the emergence of Senator Joseph McCarthy on the national political red-hunting scene. It originated in President Harry Truman’s Executive Order 9835 of March 21, 1947, which required all federal civil-service employees to be screened for “loyalty” and specified that one criterion to be used in determinations that “reasonable grounds exist for belief that the person involved is disloyal” would be a finding of “membership in, affiliation with or sympathetic association” with any organization determined by the Attorney General to be “totalitarian, Fascist, Communist, or subversive” or advocating or approving the forceful denial of constitutional rights to other persons or seeking “to alter the form of Government of the United States by unconstitutional means.” 1 Beginning in late 1947, the federal government began publishing AGLOSO lists, which ultimately reached almost 300 organizations, without offering the targeted groups either hearings, specific charges, or advance notice. This led Washington Post editorial writer Alan Barth to term the Attorney General’s AGLOSO mandate “perhaps the most arbitrary and far-reaching power ever exercised,"]Brinks, Jan Herman. "Political anti-fascism in the German Democratic Republic." Journal of Contemporary History 32.2 (1997): 207-217.["In 1961 the East German writer, Hedda Zinner, wrote a stage play, Ravensbrucker Ballade (the 'Ballad of RavensbruckV This anti-fascist play was a homage to the approximately 132,000 female prisoners who were interned in this concentration camp and the more than 70 outer camps during the second world war.2 It is based on fact and tells of the rescue of the prisoner, Wera. The remarkable feature of this play is that the situation in Ravensbruck concentration camp is described in a very realistic way. For example, it tells of the tension between the so-called 'criminal' and 'political' prisoners."]Renton, Dave, and Dave Renton. "Not Just Commandos: Anti-Fascism, 1945–51." Fascism, Anti-Fascism and Britain in the 1940s (2000): 71-100.Faber, Sebastiaan. "Image politics: US aid to the Spanish Republic and its refugees." Forma: revista d'estudis comparatius. Art, literatura, pensament 14 (2016): 21-34.["In June 1950, the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, Virginia opened its doors to doctor Edward Barsky, the man who had saved thousands of lives during the Spanish Civil War, working as a surgeon and director of medical services, and who in the years after had provided support to thousands of Republican refugees in France and Mexico (Deery 2009). Joining Barsky’s fate, albeit in different prisons, were an additional ten members of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee (JAFRC). They were accused of anti-American activities, having refused to hand over their organization’s archive—which included long lists of Spanish refugees in France—to the U.S. Congress. Soon after, Barsky even lost his medical license (Carroll, 1994: 286; Deery, 2009; Deery, 2014). The JAFRC had worked closely with the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC), then still named Unitarian Service Committee (USC), which itself became a target of a congressional investigation."]McCarran, Pat. "The Supreme Court and the Loyalty Program: The Effect of Refugee Committee v. McGrath." American Bar Association Journal (1951): 434-477.["In this article, Senator McCarran attempts to clarify the issues involved in the Supreme Court's April 30 decision of Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath. He declares that the Court's decision, involving the Attorney General's list of subversive organizations, has been widely misinterpreted in the press. He takes the position that the Court's holding was a very narrow one, determining effectively merely that the Committee, which was disputing the Attorney General's right to include it on his list of subversive organizations, is "entitled to an opportunity to substantiate the allegations stated in its complaint, /ev to have the case tried on its facts." There is no basis, he says, for interpreting the ruling as a holding that the Loyalty Program itself is ] unconstitutional."]Fallon, Perlie P. "Two Decisions of the United States Supreme Court on the Restraint of Communistic Activity." Dick. L. Rev. 56 (1951): 343.["During the term that ended in June the Supreme Court of the United States reviewed the legality of restraints on Communistic activity. The several cases that the court considered are grouped under two titles: Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, Attorney General of the United States,' and Dennis v. United States. The group of cases first named concerned the action of the Attorney General in designating to the Loyalty Review Board, the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Inc. and International Workers' Order, Inc. as subversive organizations. In the second named case the court reviewed the conviction in the Southern District of New York of 11 persons for the violation of the Smith Act by activities in the organization of the Communit Party of the United States."]United, G. A. O. "The Honorable Romano L. Mazzoli, Chairman Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration, and Refugees Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives."Schultz, Kara D. "Deporting" Red Emma": the political and legal battles for citizenship, 1917-1921." (2008).["Early in the morning of December 21, 1919, the U.S.S. Buford left New York Harbor for Soviet Russia, carrying with it 249 alleged political subversives. The deportees had been given little advance warning of their deportation. Awakened in the middle of the night, they were herded onto barges for transfer to a former warship the sensationalistic press had re-christened the 'Soviet Ark.' Looking at the worried, half-asleep faces of 'America's undesirables,' the New York Times likened the deportees to 'a party of immigrants waiting in Grand Central Station for a train to take them somewhere in the new land of opportunity.' Unlike the nearly 800,000 immigrants who arrived in the United States that year, however, the deportees had demonstrated no potential for assimilation during their time in America. Their 'sullen faces' and conversations revealed 'none of the materials from which Americanism is made.' The largest deportation in America's history was self-consciously historic: the press, government officials, and even the deportees themselves recognized that such a large-scale deportation on purely 'political' grounds—and, furthermore, in peacetime—lacked precedent. For many, the deportation signaled that America would no longer serve as an asylum for political refugees and was anathema to cherished principles of opportunity, equality, and freedom that had seemingly been in place since the country's founding."]Silvestri, Vito N. "Emma Goldman, enduring voice of anarchism." Communication Quarterly 17.3 (1969): 20-25.["Dissention in America is as old as AnneHutchinson and Roger Williams and as recent as Michael Ferber and Dr. Benjamin Spock. Indeed, there is a tradition of protest in American history that signifies a continuing resolute effort to change American society. Emma Goldman, an advocate of anarchism during the early decades of the twentieth century, was part of this tradition. Her voice Joined the chorus of muckrakers, labor organizers, and socially-conscious citizens who protested against capitalism, laissez-faire government, and the prevailing moral attitudes of the day. But Emma's message of anarchism was more extreme than the views of Upton Sinclair, Carrie Chapman Catt, Norman Thomas, and Eugene V. Debs. During peacetime, the American public ambivalently tolerated her right to speak; during World War I, it quickly assented to her deportation."]Frankel, Oz. "Whatever happened to “Red Emma”? Emma Goldman, from alien rebel to American icon." The Journal of American History 83.3 (1996): 903-942.["Over the past quarter of a century, the anarchist Emma Goldman (1869-1940) has assumed a unique position in American politics and culture. "One would be hard-pressed to find another woman of the past who enjoys her privileged status . . . who is emblazoned on as many tee-shirts and postcards," one observer commented a decade ago.' The 1960s generation rediscovered and embraced her as a voice for its political concerns and cultural sensibilities, from the struggle against the draft to women's equality, free love, and defiance of authority-any authority. Radical feminists, the first in the women's movement to adopt her as an icon, sought to emulate her self-assertive political militancy no less than to embrace her gender critique. In later decades, the impassioned spirit of the 1960s perhaps waned, but ]the process of canonizing Goldman only accelerated."]Frazer, Winifred L. "LOVE, ANARCHY, AND EMMA GOLDMAN." (1984): 198-206.Deutelbaum, Wendy. "Epistolary Politics: The Correspondence of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman." (1986): 30-46.["Sasha exclaimed 'the Court is prejudiced because we are anarchists; because we were frank, and because we stood by our opinions, and because we are going to stand by our opinions,' Emma declared. On July 9, a guilty verdict was pronounced; they were sentenced to two years in prison and ten thousand dollars fine each. The two years in prison were difficult. Sasha did hard time, bread and water and seven months in solitary, partly because he had protested against the murder of a black convict by a prison guard. Emma, on her side, was tormented by the hopelessness of her fellow inmates and exhausted from her tasks in the prison sewing shop. Once their prison terms were up, both Emma and Sasha were immediately subject to deportation hearings."]Westin, Alan. "Commager, Carr, Chafee, Gellhorn, Bok, Baxter: Civil Liberties Under Attack." (1952).["We do not protect freedom in order to indulge error. We protect freedom in order to discover truth. We do not maintain freedom in order to permit eccentricity to flourish; we maintain freedom in order that society may profit from criticism, even eccentric criticism. We do not encourage dissent for sentimental reasons; we encourage dissent because we cannot live without it."]Chafee, Zechariah. "The Registration of" Communist-Front" Organizations in the Mundt-Nixon Bill." Harvard Law Review 63.8 (1950): 1382-1390.MRF. "Confrontation and Cross-Examination in Executive Investigations." Virginia Law Review (1970): 487-503.["The rights of an accused to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses are a basic aspect of the American judicial process. In all criminal proceedings, these rights are guaranteed by the due process clause of the fifth amendment, reinforced by the specific safeguards of the sixth amendment, and buttressed by the common law tradition of excluding untrustworthy hearsay evidence whenever the trier is unable to judge firsthand the declarant's credibility."]Spaulding, Stacy. "Off the Blacklist, But Still a Target: The Anti-Communist Attacks on Lisa Sergio." Journalism Studies 10.6 (2009): 789-804.["This detailed case study documents the anti-communist attacks on Lisa Sergio, who worked as a news commentator for The New York Times-owned WQXR from 1939 to 1946. Using her 300-page FBI file and her personal papers, it examines the FBI’s investigation of Sergio, the circumstances surrounding WQXR’s decision to fire her, her blacklisting experiences (including her successful bid to remove her name from American Legion lists) and a few of the many public attacks she endured. Altogether, this paper contributes to a portrait of blacklisting as a complicated web of collaborators that encompasses private citizens, business, social organizations, and the executive and legislative branches of government."]Velázquez-Hernández, Aurelio. "The Unitarian’s Service Committee Marseille Office and the American networks to aid Spanish refugees.(1940-1943)." Culture & History Digital Journal 8.2 (2019): e021-e021.["La oficina de Marsella del Unitarian Service Committee y las redes americanas de ayuda a los españoles refugiados (1940-1943).- El Unitarian Service Committee (USC) fue una de los organismos de ayuda americanos más relevantes de cuantos participaron en la asistencia a los refugiados durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el texto analizamos los orígenes de su labor en Europa centrándonos en un aspecto prácticamente desconocido de su actuación como fue la asistencia a los republicanos españoles que marcharon al exilio huyendo del franquismo. El Unitarian Service Committee (USC) fue fundado en la primavera de 1940 y desde muy pronto instaló una delegación en Marsella. Desde esta oficina desarrollaron fundamentalmente una activa labor en la atención médico-sanitaria a los internos de los campos del sur de Francia. El USC tuvo un programa de ayudas exclusivamente dedicado a la asistencia a los republicanos españoles financiado íntegramente por otro organismo de ayuda americano, el Joint Anti Fascit Refuggee Committee. Esta organización, presidida por un veterano de las Brigadas Internacionales, el Dr. Edward Barsky se encontraba estrechamente vinculada con sectores del socialismo y comunismo americano e internacional."]Abbott, Roger S. "The Federal Loyalty Program: Background and Problems." American Political Science Review 42.3 (1948): 486-499.["Since the promulgationon March 21, 1947, of Executive Order 9835 "prescribing procedures for the administration of an 'employees' loyalty program in the executive branch of the government," there has been widespread discussion concerning the nature of disloyalty, its probable extent in the federal service, and the desirability of the loyalty program. One point of view, among some members of Congress and elsewhere, is that this loyalty program does not go far enough to meet what is regarded as the serious menace of foreign (that is, Russian) directed or inspired subversives in the government. A sharply contrasting attitude, also voiced by a few Congressmen and by others, is that the menace is exaggerated for various reasons and that the program constitutes a "witch hunt" aimed at liberalsgenerallyand a dangerousattack upon civil liberties."]White, Stephen. "Report on Oak Ridge Hearings." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 4.7 (1948): 194-196.["The following is a condensed version of the reports on the Oak Ridge suspensions and hearings which appeared May 18, 19, and 29 in the NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE. Two scientists at the atomic laboratories here have been suspended pending determination of their loyalty, three others have been called up before a loyalty board and it is expected that as many as thirty more cases may be heard in the immediate future. The charges upon which these men are being heard are not sworn, but consist of anonymous accusations of Communist leanings. In most cases the accusation is admitted to be thin even by the men who are hearing the cases. One charge, for example, reads: "A former landlord of yours has reported that in 1943, after you moved from the premises in which you had been residing, certain magazines and pamphlets which may have been left on the premises by you may have included a copy of the magazine 'New Masses'." Another charge reads: "A neighbor has stated that she believes a close relative by marriage is a Communist." The man against whom these charges were made is one of the two who has been suspended."]Siegelberg, Mira L. "Scholarly Exiles." History Workshop Journal. Vol. 74. No. 1. Oxford University Press, 2012.Rackow, Felix. "The Federal Loyalty Program: Politics and Civil Liberty." W. Res. L. Rev. 12 (1960): 701.["There are now several personnel security programs. One is the program for Federal civilian employees under Executive Order 10450, which is applicable to 2,300,000 persons. A second is the Industrial Security Program of the Department of Defense. It covers the nearly 3,000,000 persons who, as employees of contractors with the military departments, have access to classified information. A third program is that of the Atomic Energy Commission, which extends to its own employees and to those of its contractors' employees who have access to classified information. They come to about 80,000 persons. Then there is the Port Security Program which applies to about 800,000 seamen and longshoremen. Finally, there is the International Organization Employees Program which extends to over 3,000 American in the employ of these organizations." REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON THE FEDERAL LOYALTY PROGRAM OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK (1956). This brief report on the Eisenhower loyalty program is here presented to show the breadth of the loyalty program under one administration. This paper, however, will be concerned with only the first type of program mentioned in the report, the federal civilian employee loyalty-security program. And the scope of its examination will not be confined merely to the Eisenhower period but will include the years from 1939 to the present."]Warren, George L. "The Refugee and the War." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 223.1 (1942): 92-99.["The comprehension of the refugee in the war will be facilitated initially by an attempt to define the refugee. In drafting its Convention Concerning the Status of Refugees Coming from Germany on February 10, 1938, the League of Nations at Geneva adopted the following definition. This definition can be applied to refugees coming from other countries than Germany, such as Russia, Italy, Spain, Austria, the Baltic countries, Albania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria: a) Persons possessing or having possessed German nationality and not possessing any other nationality who are proved not to enjoy, in law or in fact, the protection of the German Government; b) Stateless persons who have left German territory after being established therein and who are proved not to enjoy, in law or in fact, the protection of the German Government; c) Persons who leave Germany for reasons of purely personal convenience are not included in this definition. The status of refugees from France who have declared their loyalty to the Free French movement or have left France because of the broadening application of measures aimed at non-Aryans approximates that of refugees from the above countries, except that they may find some protection outside of France within the Free French movement itself. Many of the governments in exile still maintain embassies and consulates in the allied and neutral countries to which their representatives are accredited. In contrast, Russian refugees and non-Aryan Germans (including Austrians) residing outside Germany have been expatriated by decrees of their respective Governments and are consequently stateless."]O'Reilly, Kenneth. "A new deal for the FBI: The Roosevelt administration, crime control, and national security." The Journal of American History 69.3 (1982): 638-658.["Historians of the 1960s and early 1970s, in contrast, have criticized the New Deal for shoring up the existing social and economic order. According to their analysis, the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration's moderate reforms effectively saved large-scale corporate capitalism but failed to redistribute income and power, restructure the economy, or democratize the political system."]Whitaker, Reg. "Refugees: The security dimension." Citizenship Studies 2.3 (1998): 413-434.["In the 1990s doors have been closing in the Western world against refugee claimants. Although there are multiple causes for declining generosity towards refugees, arguments that refugees pose security problems to host nations have been particularly prominent. An historical analysis reveals that the so-called 'golden age' of postwar refugee settlement from the 1940s to the mid-1970s was a by-product of Cold War security and propaganda considerations. The end of the Cold War and the pressures of refugee movements generated by Third World and former Communist bloc conflicts has restructured Western refugee discourse. Refugees now tend to be seen as importers of external political conflicts into the West. At the same time growing European and North American resentment of 'foreigners' competing for declining job opportunities and reduced social services have encouraged anti-immigrant political movements. By tightening barriers and controls over refugees on security grounds, Western governments are able to respond in part to these pressures. The Cold War policing and security alliance in Europe has been retooled to form the basis of a new post-Cold War cooperation over immigration and refugee security, without the necessity of creating a new framework of supranational institutions."]Harris, Robert J. "The impact of the Cold War upon Civil liberties." The Journal of Politics 18.1 (1956): 3-16.["AT A TIME when the fears of some have reached a stage where a school board member in a reputedly enlightened community finds Robin Hood communistic; when a respected organization in its efforts to become the sole custodian of patriotism finds the Girl Scouts subversive; and when the public scene is characterizedby the spectacles of perjury trials, the probing of men's minds by legislative inquisitions, and charges and findings of disloyalty with such accompaniments as guilt by association, perpetual jeopardy of those so unfortunate.as to be accused, and expurgation by oath, it is an understatement to say that basic liberties are endangered. In such a state of affairs regardlessof whether fears for the national security are rational or irrational or whether suspicions are justified or not, it is inevitable that legislatures, executives, and courts will reflect popular distempers and respond to them either because they share the public fears or desire to exploit them for political preferment. Legislative responsehas taken the form of the accusatorial inquisition and statutes designed to outlaw the Communist Party, control subversion, and to revive a form of the test oath for public employees. Executive response has assumed the form of loyalty and security programs, vigorous enforcement of anti-subversive legislation, and the use or misuse on occasion of the files of the secret police and the Civil Service Commission for partisan political purposes."]Carr, Robert K. "The Un-American activities committee and the courts." La. L. Rev. 11 (1950): 282.["No congressional investigating committee has ever had its work subjected to such a large measure of judicial review as has the House Un-American Activities Committee. Since its establishment as a permanent committee in 1945 it has been engaged in almost continuous conflict with its witnesses. This conflict in turn has resulted in a steady flow of cases to the courts raising legal questions as to the Committee's authority and procedures. Between 1946 and 1950 some nine such cases reached the federal appellate courts."]Schmigalle, Günther, and Gustavo Durán. "Gustavo Durán. Eine biographische Skizze." Iberoamericana (1977-2000) 7.2/3 (19/20 (1983): 22-42.["Literatur und Geschichte des spanischen Bürgerkriegs stehen gegenwärtig in Spanien nicht allzu hoch im Kurs. Die Flut von Publikationen, die nach dem Ende des Franquismus zu diesem Thema erschien, ist weitgehend versiegt; in den letzten 2-3 Jahren sind nur wenige bedeutende Arbeiten über die Bürgerkriegszeit erschienen. Der Grund dafür mag einmal in einer gewissen Enttäuschung der mit der Demokratisierung verbundenen Hoffnungen liegen ("desengaño"), was zu einem Schwinden des historischen Interesses beitrug. Zum anderen spielt sicherlich die Erkenntnis eine Rolle, dass die Probleme, mit denen Spanien heute konfrontiert ist, andere sind als damals und auch mit anderen Methoden gelöst werden müssen. Diese Erkenntnis kam wohl auch in dem überwältigenden Wahlsieg des PSOE am 28.10.1982 zum Ausdruck, wobei gleichzeitig die den Bürgerkriegstraditionen noch am stärksten verhaftete Partei, der PCE, eine katastrophale Niederlage erlitt. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt es nicht wunder, dass das Erscheinen einer Sammlung von Schriften von und über Gustavo Durán - der, obwohl kein Hauptakteur des historischen Geschehens, dennoch zu den faszinierendsten Gestalten des spanischen Bürgerkriegs und Exils zählt - nahezu unbemerkt blieb. Nur Felipe Maldonado kommentierte das Buch, indem er aus seiner persönlichen Erinnerung - er war während des Bürgerkriegs Adjutant von Durán - den historischen Kontext der von José Martin-Artajo herausgegebenen Texte zu rekonstruieren versuchte. Das über Durán bisher vorliegende Material zerfällt damit in vier heterogene Gruppen: das von Martin-Artajo herausgegebene Buch und der Artikel Maldonados beziehen sich auf Duráns Rolle im Bürgerkrieg. Duráns Beziehungen zu Hemingway und zu Malraux werden in zwei literaturgeschichtlichen Arbeiten behandelt. Über Durán als Opfer der McCarthy-Zeit berichtet David Caute in einem Kapitel seiner großangelegten Studie. Schließlich wird Durán in zahlreichen historischen Werken, manchmal in irreführender Weise, erwähnt."]Deery, Phillip. "‘A Divided Soul’? The Cold War Odyssey of O. John Rogge." Cold War History 6.2 (2006): 177-204.Prendergast, William B. "State Legislatures and Communism: The Current Scene." American Political Science Review 44.3 (1950): 556-574.["The prosecution of the cold war on the domestic front was a major concern of the state legislatures which convened in 1949. Quantitatively, last year's output of state laws against subversive movements surpassed that of any other year in our history except 1919. It was a rare hopper which did not receive at least a sprinkling of bills of this sort. And the fact that no more than fifteen states enacted anti-Communist laws can be attributed in large part to the inability of lawmakers to think of restrictive measures which an earlier legislature had not already placed on the statute books. As 1950 began, Maine alone among the states was without a law designed specifically to repress or combat subversive organizations or individuals. Thirty-eight states 1 at that date had criminal statutes prohibiting acts of violence and utterances urging violence for the purpose of effecting political or economic change. Although Tennessee's Sedition Act goes back to 17152 and two other states enacted similar statutes in the nineteenth century, these laws are for the most part products of the present century. They came in three waves. The assassination of McKinley prompted three states to pass criminal anarchy laws. Then, between 1917 and 1923, twenty-five states enacted criminal syndicalism or criminal anarchy statutes in response to the activities of the I.W.W. and the "Bolsheviks." This tide reached its apogee in 1919 when eighteen states wrote measures of this type into law. Between 1931 and the close of 1949 seven additional states adopted such legislation, and five others strengthened their criminal statutes directed against subversive acts and utterances. More typical of the recent crop of anti-subversive legislation is the law designed to exclude subversive individuals from public employment, ...Seventeen states exclude Communists from the ballot. Many have Red Flag laws. At least six have established special investigating committees to ferret out Communist activities. And two require the registration of subversive organizations."]Krash, Abe. "O'Brian: National Security and Individual Freedom/Yarmolinsky: Case Studies in Personnel Security." (1956).Davis, Kenneth Culp. "Standing to Challenge Governmental Action." Minn. L. Rev. 39 (1954): 353.["For instance, when the Attorney General added to his subversive list the name of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, the question whether the Committee could challenge the Attorney General's action before the subversive list was used in any adjudication involved a problem of both the timing of the challenge and the standing of the Committee. One who is seriously harmed by reviewable administrative action which is illegal or even unconstitutional is often denied judicial review on account of lack of standing. The law of standing is fundamentally artificial to the extent that one who is in fact harmed by administrative action is held to lack standing to challenge the legality of the action. The artificiality-frequently running counter to natural instincts of judges-results in a complexity that is so great that the Supreme Court often violates the principles that the Court has laid down for its own guidance. 4 The Supreme Court has recently referred to the law of standing as a "complicated specialty of federal jurisdiction." 5 The federal law of standing is undeniably "complicated." But since all courts must determine what parties should be allowed to challenge governmental action, the law of standing is no more a specialty of federal jurisdiction than it is a specialty of state law."]Sbardellati, John, and Tony Shaw. "Booting a tramp: Charlie Chaplin, the FBI, and the construction of the subversive image in Red Scare America." Pacific Historical Review 72.4 (2003): 495-530.["This article examines the battle over popular culture in the age of McCarthyism. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, under J. Edgar Hoover, targeted Charlie Chaplin because of his status as a cultural icon and as part of its broader investigation of Hollywood. Some of Chaplin’s films were considered “communist propaganda,” but because Chaplin was not a member of the Communist Party, he was not among those investigated by HUAC in 1947. Nevertheless, he was vulnerable to protests by the American Legion and other patriotic groups because of both his sexual and political unorthodoxy. Yet, although countersubversives succeeded in driving Chaplin out of the country, they failed to build a consensus that Chaplin was a threat to the nation. Chaplin’s story testifies to both the awesome power of the countersubversive campaign at mid-century and to some of its limitations as well."]Lycette, David C. "Administrative Law—Standing to Challenge Constitutionality of Loyalty Oath." Washington Law Review 37.2 (1962): 106.["In Nostrand v. Little,' the Washington State Supreme Court had an opportunity to pass on the much publicized loyalty oath required of certain state employees. Against a charge that procedural due process was violated because the statute calls for immediate dismissal upon non-compliance, the court found that the oath abridged no constitutional rights of the plaintiffs, two University of Washington professors. The background of the case is both interesting and complex. In 1959, the professors asked for a declaratory judgment 2 to determine the constitutionality of the statute requiring them to take an oath and sign an affidavit in which they disclaimed any present association with the Communist Party or any other subversive organizations."]Rosenau, William. Subversion and insurgency. Vol. 2. Rand Corporation, 2007.["If the U.S. armed forces, the intelligence community, and civilian agencies expect to wage effective counterinsurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan, they need to develop more sophisticated approaches to counter subversion, which has become an important element of the insurgent repertoire. This paper presents a set of case studies to explore the elements of subversion in depth. It discusses preliminary ideas for combating subversive activities in the context of the war against violent Islamic extremism and concludes with a discussion of how U.S. support for countersubversion within authoritarian regimes can conflict with other important U.S. foreign policy objectives, such as the promotion of human rights. This research was sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center (ISDP) of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by OSD, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community."]Hill, Warren P. "A Critique of Recent Ohio Anti-Subversive Legislation." Ohio St. LJ 14 (1953): 439.["In the present world crisis, one's views on the scope to be accorded basic civil liberties, such as the rights of free speech and assembly, depend on a number of variables too complex for convenient labelling as politically 'liberal' or 'conservative.'"]Halloran, Mary. "Ethnicity, the State and War: Canada and Its Ethnic Minorities, 1939–45." International Migration Review 21.1 (1987): 159-167.Rothenberg, Lawrence J. "Registration of Communist-Front Organizations: The Statutory Framework and the Constitutional Issue." U. Pa. L. Rev. 113 (1964): 1270.["Because the Communist movement cannot attain all its goals through the single instrumentality of the Communist Party, it frequently resorts to the use of organizations which operate under Communist instruction, but are not openly associated with the Communist Party or the Communist movement. Lacking the broad purposes of the Party, these groups are utilized by the Communist movement for more specific aims. Their primary purpose is to extend Communist influence into areas where an openly Communist appeal would not receive support, a task they seek to accomplish by concealing their true goals behind a "high-sounding and attractive reform objective." Appeals are aimed at narrow groups, with emphasis placed upon such factors as occupation, race,; religion, and, most frequently, specific political causes. Front organizations are most often established by a small group of party sympathizers who will then undertake a general canvas of the populace for supporters."]Adelman, Howard. "Why refugee warriors are threats." Journal of Conflict Studies 18.1 (1998): 49-70.["Astri Suhrke coined the phrase "refugee warriors" in the now classic volume by Ari Zolberg, Astri Suhrke and Sergio Aguayo, Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. The authors attributed the deterioration of the nation state primarily to the marginal position of the specific nation state within the global economy. Weak, or what are more frequently, if somewhat erroneously, now called "failed" states, emerged where national societies disintegrated into their component elements; localized and ethnically specific entities or micro states frequently emerged. As well as these internal disaffected and disruptive populations, there were those who lived as refugees in neighbouring states who either chose not to be repatriated or were not permitted to be repatriated. Some of them posed a military threat to the weakened sovereignty of the states from which they fled. These are the refugee warriors."]Malin, Patrick Murphy. "The refugee: a problem for international organization." International organization 1.3 (1947): 443-459.["In everyday speech, the word "refugee" means any person who has to leave his home because of a general catastrophe — natural or social. People whose dislocation was caused in one way or another, by the second world war came to be called "displaced persons" or "DP's." These refugees are distinguished by the characteristics which throughout human history have represented a special — and specially difficult — problem. They are outside of their countries of nationality or former habitual residence because of fear for life or liberty on account of race, religion or -political belief, and are not yet firmly re-established. Many of them were not refugees in the strict sense when they first left their countries, having been removed therefrom by the Germans for forced labor or other purposes; these have entered the refugee category while abroad, having become unwilling to return home because changes there have created in them the fear which is the central point in the definition just given. Comparatively few of the two million are at present "stateless" in law — formally deprived by their governments of their citizenship — but nearly all of them are so in fact; that is, they lack the so-called "legal and political protection," including consular and diplomatic representation, which is ordinarily available to a citizen of one country who is in another country for a longer or shorter time, and which is often incalculably important to him. Refugees thus constitute a problem which is an international projection of certain domestic "minority" problems, or — more accurately — certain internal situations in which relatively weaker groups are persecuted by relatively stronger groups. That is one reason why the refugee problem is such a thorny one for organized international treatment; the government of the country of origin almost always regards the refugee from its territory as disloyal and subversive in one degree or another, and considers any assistance which may be given to him as interference with its sovereign right to rule within its own boundaries."]Biddle, Francis. "Subversives in Government." The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 300.1 (1955): 51-61.["We were afraid-but of what? Not so much of Russia, apparently, as of ourselves. Was it true, as Senator McCarthy had said in 1951, that the crimson clique in the government had engineered the Communist victory in China? Were Americans betraying Americans? Was there a clear and present danger of revolution in our country? Generalities are dangerous. Motives are mysterious and conflicting. Yet some conclusions must be reached before we can take the next steps."]Malin, Patrick Murphy. "The Status of Civil Rights in the United States in 1950." The Journal of Negro Education 20.3 (1951): 279-289.["In order to appreciate the status of civil rights in America, particularly in relation to the Negro and other disadvantaged minorities, it is necessary to understand the entire civil liberties scene. As found in the Constitution, civil liberties can be divided into three categories: (1) freedom of religion and expression; (2) due process and fair trial; and (3) equality before the law. It has often been maintained by students of civil liberties that the prevailing temper of a given period affects the strength of those three kinds of civil liberties equally. But a study of civil liberties in America since the end of World War II - and particularly in 1950 - shows another condition. There has been a decline in freedom of expression and in due process, but an advance in equality. In 1950, almost all of the decline in freedom of expression and due process, and some of the advance in equality, are both due to the international tension which characterized the year. The threat of militarized Communism and the fear of war and subversion undoubtedly were responsible for much of the hysteria that bred attitudes and legislation repressive of free inquiry and expression."]Heins, Marjorie. "The Supreme Court and political speech in the 21st century: the implications of Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project." Alb. L. Rev. 76 (2012): 561.["The repression of American political dissent in the 1950s derived much of its force from the concept of guilt by association. Even the Supreme Court of that era, which until the late 1950s did virtually nothing to rein in the loyalty investigations and purges, recognized early on that criminally prosecuting or otherwise punishing people for mere membership in or ―sympathetic association with allegedly subversive groups was inconsistent with basic principles of personal guilt. The Court thus interpreted laws and loyalty programs that targeted political associations to require scienter, or knowledge of a disapproved group‘s purportedly unlawful aims. But the scienter requirement alone did nothing to stop the heresy hunts; it was not until 1961, when the Court also required specific intent to advance a group‘s illegal purposes, that it imposed any meaningful limits on guilt by association. The all -important ― specific intent case, Scales v. United States, involved a criminal prosecution under the 1940 Smith Act for membership in the Communist Party. The Court affirmed the conviction, but only by reading a specific intent requirement into the Smith Act‘s membership clause."]Findley, Roger W. "Constitutional Law: Due Process: Dismissal of State Employees for Refusal to Answer Questions concerning Membership in Communist Organizations." Michigan Law Review 57.3 (1959): 412-415.["CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-DUE PROCESS-DISMISSAL OF STATE EMPLOYEES FOR REFUSAL To ANSWER QUESTIONS CONCERNING MEMBERSHIP IN COMMUNIST ORGANIZATIONS-In companion cases state employees of Pennsylvania and New York were dismissed on grounds of "incompetency" and "doubtful trust and reliability"2 for refusing to answer questions by superiors concerning membership in communist organizations. Petitioner Beilan also invoked the Fifth Amendment at a hearing by a congressional investigating committee between the time he refused to answer his superior and the time he was dismissed."]----Refugee Warriors:Robinson, Courtland. "Refugee warriors at the Thai-Cambodian border." Refugee Survey Quarterly 19.1 (2000): 23-37.Perera, S. (2013). Alternative agency: Rwandan refugee warriors in exclusionary states. Conflict, Security & Development, 13(5), 569–588. doi:10.1080/14678802.2013.849472 ["This article examines the alternative forms of agency exercised by Rwandan Hutu refugee warriors, who are marginalised from access to conventional political power in both their home country of Rwanda and their site of resettlement in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and are therefore living in a state of exclusion from access to conventional citizenship. In particular, I focus on the soldiers who fight in the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) in the North Kivu region of the Congo. This armed group has been widely posited as a significant threat to the security of both the DRC and Rwanda. Consequently, a number of regional, national and local initiatives to remove the FDLR from the eastern Congo have been launched, strengthening in intensity over the last decade."]*"Turkish politician proposes military alliance with Russia to fight PKK terror group." TASS, https://tass.com/defense/1732251. Published on 15 January 2024. {Refugee Warriors}Leenders, R. (2009). Refugee Warriors or War Refugees? Iraqi Refugees’ Predicament in Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. Mediterranean Politics, 14(3), 343–363. doi:10.1080/13629390903346848 Robinson, C. (2000). Report. Refugee warriors at the Thai-Cambodian border. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 19(1), 23–37. doi:10.1093/rsq/19.1.23 ["On April 17, 1975, the Communist Party of Kampuchea - more commonly known as the Khmer Rouge - captured Phnom Penh and launched a brutal transformation of society which led to the deaths of more than one million people and the displacement of some four million more. From 1975 until the Vietnamese "imposed liberation"1 in December 1978, which toppled the Khmer Rouge but installed a new communist regime in Phnom Penh, more than 400,000 people had fled Cambodia, with 34,000 going to Thailand. Thailand was and still is not signatory to the United Nations 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol. In agreements signed with UNHCR from 1975 onward, however, Thailand waived enforcement of immigration policy and recognized the competence of UNHCR to assist refugees in designated camps. Likewise, from 1979 to the present, Thailand permitted various international organizations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), UNICEF, the World Food Program, and the UN Border Relief Operation (UNBRO) to assist Cambodian displaced persons in designated border camps. Nevertheless, Thai policy and practice continued to classify Indochinese arrivals as "illegal immigrants" not refugees."]Muggah, R. (n.d.). Once we were warriors: critical reflections on refugee and IDP militarisation and human security. Human Security and Non-Citizens, 166–194. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808371.006 ["The presence of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) are amongst the clearest expressions of a state’s failure to protect its civilian population. Although a range of normative mechanisms were developed since the 1950s to guarantee the rights of those forced to cross international borders, many of these are not adequately enforced and no de jure protections were created for those unable or unwilling to flee their country of origin. And while a rights discourse is gradually emerging that calls attention to the specific categories of vulnerability of both refugees and IDPs, developed states are increasingly reluctant to grant asylum for the former or invest in sustained durable solutions such as return or resettlement for the latter."]Roy, A. B. (n.d.). The Taliban Shelter Seekers or Refugee Warriors? The Fleeing People of South Asia, 167–171. doi:10.7135/upo9781843317784.021 ["This is a classic example of ‘refugee warriors’, who flee for the sole purpose of fomenting subversion from outside. […] They are like the Cuban exiles who operate from the US. Apart from the Afghans, the Khmer, Eritreans, Namibians and Nicaraguan Contras have also been regarded as ‘refugee warriors’. Thus, from the above discussion about the Taliban movement we can arrive at two major conclusions. First, the Taliban movement is not to be perceived as something sudden and unprecedented. Such a movement is inherent in the Islamic principles of hijra and jihad. And secondly, the Afghan migrants who fled a civil war situation in their country have returned to fight a jihad but in the process have acted as catalysts in aggravating the civil war situation further."]Corliss, Steven. "Asylum State Responsibility for the Hostile Acts of Foreign Exiles." International Journal of Refugee Law 2.2 (1990): 181-210.["Hostile activities conducted by exiled dissidents from foreign sanctuaries frequently lead to conflict between the asylum State and the State oforigin. This article considers the duty owed by an asylum State to the State oforigin under international law. Two factors limit the asylum State's legal obligation. First, international law predicates State responsibility for the acts of private persons, such as foreign exiles, upon the existence of fault. The asylum State must either contribute to the forbidden conduct, or possess the knowledge, opportunity and capacity to prevent it and fail to do so."]Higgins, Rosalyn, et al. "Expulsion and Expatriatioin in International Law: The Right to Leave, to Stay, and to Return." The American Journal of International Law 67.5 (1973): 122-140.Teitelbaum, Michael S. "Immigration, refugees, and foreign policy." International organization 38.3 (1984): 429-450.["In addition, the same mass outmigration has sparked fears of directly subversive intent and claims that "among the refugees are a heavy sprinkling of communist spies and deep-cover penetration agents.'"]Markowitz, Arthur A. "Humanitarianism versus restrictionism: The United States and the Hungarian refugees." International Migration Review 7.1 (1973): 46-59.["The effect of the President's request would be to create 'an open-door policy favoring world wide immigration into the United States'? by people seeking 'greener pastures.' 'Where' he asked, 'are our native born citizens going to eventually wind up if we keep bringing large portions of the rest of the world into this land of ours. 'Sooner or later,' concluded Long, 'we will burst at the seams.' Charges of subversive infiltration were regularly denied by government officials connected with the program and by independent observers.'"]----Note:"I won't slave for beggar's pay, likewise gold and jewels; But I would slave to learn the way to sink your ship of fools" -Grateful Dead (Ship of Fools)"It was later than I thought when I first believed you" -Ibid."Now it creeped him out a lot. Cat thought it was cool as fuck. They lost track of time. Above the door someone had written “It's always later than you think”. It tripped the kids out and after pausing they went upstairs." -The Death of the American Dream (2014)----Also see:[Criminal Syndicalism][Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee (JAFRC)][House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)][Blacklist][National Security (National Socialism: Arbeitskraft)][Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations (AGLOSO)][Red Scare][Green Scare][Threat Framing][Risk Management][Violence Initiative][MHCHAOS][Threat Assessment Management][Social Cleansing (Limpieza Social)][Mental Hygiene][Race Hygiene][Anarchist Jurisdictions][Loyalty Screenings (Oath)][Network Centric Warfare][Society Centric Warfare][Political Warfare][Total War][International Workers of the World (IWW: Woblies)][The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Inc.][International Workers' Order, Inc.][National Security (Manpower : Arbeitskraft)][National Security Act (1947)][Palmer Raids][Emma Goldman][La Follette Committee][Patriot Act (Homeland Security: Internal Enemy Doctrine)][Rear-warfare][Rockefeller Civil Defense][Universal Military Training (UMT)][Department of Defense Educational Activity (DoDEA)][Paul Robeson][Unitarian Service Committee (USC)][Brain Drain][Competency vs. Loyalty][Neoliberalism (as a Pro-slavery Regime)][Cotton King][Counterinsurgency (COIN)][Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)][Right of Return]The Blacklist: Lena Horne & Friends https://archive.org/details/lena-horne-civil-rightsPolice State Methods In The Soviet Union David Rousset (Political vs. Criminal Prisoners)https://archive.org/details/PoliceStateMethodsInTheSovietUnionDavidRoussetZlomky života (And Give My Love to the Swallows) https://archive.org/details/img-9971"Communist Propaganda," (Dombrowski & Pfister, 1964) https://archive.org/details/dombrowski-and-pfister-1965/Communist%20prop/Communist Interrogation and Indoctrination of 'Enemies of the State' (1956) https://archive.org/details/ama1956_2/page/n1/mode/2upThe Model Sabotage Prevention Act, (1941) https://archive.org/details/warner1941National Homeland Security Association (NHSA) https://archive.org/details/nhsa_20221030/ADA404853/National Socialism on secondary education in Germany (1948) https://archive.org/details/powell1948Anti-Communism and Segregationist Thought in the Deep South https://archive.org/details/img-8762_202110The Patriot Act as a Religious Test: American Inquisition (Loyalty Oaths) https://archive.org/details/religious-test-loyalty-oaths/allitt2001/Conlon Nancarrow (Ex-Patriot) https://archive.org/details/conlon-nancarrow_communist-refugee/gann2014/Spying and Slandering: An Absolute Privilege for the CIA Agent?, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Apr., 1967), pp. 752-772 https://archive.org/details/spying-and-slandering-an-absolute-privilege-for-the-cia-agent-1967/Medieval Torture & Anglo Law (Mutiliation): License to Torture https://archive.org/details/lawful-mutilation-torture-medieval-anglo-code/barron1981/Martin Luther & the Great Peasants' War: Statute of Labourers enforcement (Patriot Act) https://archive.org/details/labourers-enforcement/Phelan-EconomicBulletin-1909/Safe States doctrine (Asylum) https://archive.org/details/saylor1996Supranational Governance (Post-war) https://archive.org/details/mpifg-dp90-04/Cerny1989/Modern Robbery (IWW)https://archive.org/details/becker_lamm/saunders1933/Red Flag Laws & Jake Laird https://archive.org/details/red_flag_laws/gay2020/Under Foreign Direction (International Terrorism) https://archive.org/details/under_foreign_direction_terrorism/ADA119693/----Social Science for Whom?: A Structural History of Social Psychology, (Risk Management) https://archive.org/details/carol_cina1981_lmtd/carol_cina1981_lmtd/Government Seizure in Labor Disputes: War Labor Board (National Security) https://archive.org/details/govt_seizure_war_labor_natsec/herbert1970/Phoenix Project (Urban Development) https://archive.org/details/phoenix_proj_urban-development/evans2011/History of Proslavery Regimes in the American Southwest: Southern Pacific RR https://archive.org/details/southern-pacific-rr-survey-1860-new-mexico/McKay1931/Discriminate Counterterror Killings (Political Assassinations) https://archive.org/details/ira-assasinationsODA/FCO: Global War on Terror (GWOT) https://archive.org/details/ODA-FCO/Chavismo as a direct response to European Privatization Regimes in Latin America: Hasta Siempre https://archive.org/details/chavismo_nationalization/ayala-v%C3%A1zquez2023/ManPower, Total War, Defense Production Act, National Security, and Political Economy https://archive.org/details/frb_111956/7Gold_2_3/J. D. Millet, (National Security) https://archive.org/details/davies1984/clark1963/Labor & War, (1928) https://archive.org/details/devine-1928/Clevin1928/LaFollette - Industrial Munitions https://archive.org/details/u5885v5_1939Brown 1988 Ndea Civil Defense Notes 24jul 21 https://archive.org/details/brown-1988-ndea-civil-defense-notes-24jul-21Manpower (Arbeitskräfte,) & U.S. "National Security" Doctrine https://archive.org/details/tsimkhes-1928/Brissenden1926/----Deviance:Policing Deviance: Morality Police & Homeland Security (Sharia Law) https://archive.org/details/morality-police_hsi_sharia/CIA-RDP09T00207R001000100018-5/Civic Engagement & Repression https://archive.org/details/engagement_repressionPolitical 'Law' Enforcement: The Government Should Not be Involved in Politics https://archive.org/details/government-v-governance/altbach1966/Political Deviance and Colonialism https://archive.org/details/pol_dev_colonialism/abd2020/Slave Rights & Rebellion https://archive.org/details/derechos-de_esclavos/Millars%2042_2017/----Counterinsurgency:COUNTER-INSURGENCY GAME DESIGN FEASIBILITY AND EVALUATION STUDY https://archive.org/details/abt-asc-coinMilitary Deception in Counterinsurgency Operations https://archive.org/details/coin-mout-deception-ada-536857AAA Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities (CEAUSSIC) Final Report on The Army’s Human Terrain System Proof of Concept Program https://archive.org/details/ceaussic-hts-final-reportNational Security Action Memoranda [NSAM]: NSAM 2, Development of Counter-Guerrilla Forces https://archive.org/details/jfknsf-328-003-p-0001Neo-Nazi Recruitment https://archive.org/details/20171216-231315-e-1513540076229Quaker Home Service https://archive.org/details/img-9596Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency, (CIA) https://archive.org/details/open-insurgencyHuman Resources Research Organization (HumRRO) https://archive.org/details/humrroCenter for Research in Social Systems (CRESS) https://archive.org/details/cress_dtic_et/AD0381804/No Escape: Irregular Warfare & Killing Civilians at Cannon AFB (Clovis NM) https://archive.org/details/cannon_afb_nm/0307warriors/Civic & Political Engagement: Youth, Immigrants, and Disenfranchised Americans (MIGPOL) https://archive.org/details/engagement_political_civic_migpol/allen-bang2014a/Wars of Liberation (Counterinsurgency) https://archive.org/details/ginsburgs1964Kissinger (Wars of Liberation) https://archive.org/details/kissinger_wonl/culverson1996/U.S. Presidential Coins (LBJ Regime) https://archive.org/details/lbj_regime_usmint_numismaticsRetaliation Operation: Demographic Engineering, Displacement, Collective Narcissism, and Intergroup Hostility (Social-Relational Aggression) https://archive.org/details/retaliation-operations_displacement_ethnic-conflict/aliabbas2018/Portland Dubbed "Little Beirut" (KGW Vault) https://archive.org/details/kgw-vault-portland-dubbed-little-beirutPortland Intelligence & Analysis report by DHS 2021 https://archive.org/details/dhs_pdx_ia_2021/21SEP20_DOJ_memo_anarchist_zone/Society-centric Warfare https://archive.org/details/society-centric-warfare_s3c/ayhan2019/Roadmap for national security: imperative for change, Report of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century https://archive.org/details/phase-iiifr/911Report_Exec/Global Research Watch Program (NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT) https://archive.org/details/plaw-111publ-84/PLAW-104publ132/Popular Sovereign Movements: Republicanism, Monarchy, and Globalization https://archive.org/details/popular_sovereign_movements-globalization/achen1977/----New America Foundation https://archive.org/details/laitinen2012_ED540304Gellhorn Memo: MHCHAOS https://archive.org/details/gellhorn_memo_mhchaosThe "New American" Scabs (Strike Breaking) https://archive.org/details/stockton1916/stockton1916/----Neoliberalism:The Anti-socialist Nature of Neo-liberalism: British Fascists https://archive.org/details/british_fascists_wwi/bingmeng2018/Worker & Parasite: Class Antagonism https://archive.org/details/class-antagonism/bonacich1972/Political Abuse of Psychiatry (Social Parasitism)https://archive.org/details/abuse-of-psychiatry-in-the-soviet-union/Pseudo & Aggressive Idleness (Arbeitskraft) https://archive.org/details/idleness_labor_hutt/carvalho2012/Collusion: Post-war International Trade & Rights Regimes as Collusion https://archive.org/details/collusion_cartels_trade-regimes----Criminal Syndicalism:State V. Boloff https://archive.org/details/state-v.-boloffUnited States v. Gray, 502 F. Supp. 150 (D.D.C. 1980) https://archive.org/details/usvgray1980"The myth of the deranged, bomb-throwing Anarchist" https://archive.org/details/anarchist_bomb_throwers/arcos1901/Finch & Flowers (Sovereign Citizen) https://archive.org/details/rob-finch_cory-flowers_sovereign_citizen/bell2016_AD1027164/----Doukhobors in Canada https://archive.org/details/ashleighandrosoff2013/ashleighandrosoff2013/War Industry Workers from New Mexico (Loomis 1942) https://archive.org/details/loomis1942_plates_nm_war_workers----Argentina - Dirty War (El Enemigo Interno) https://archive.org/details/adp-dod-southcom/270391/----Green Scare:Panagacos et al vs. Towery, et al, No. 3:2010cv05018 - Document 101 (W.D. Wash. 2011) https://archive.org/details/panagacos-v-toweryU. S. V. Mc David, 396 F. App'x 365 https://archive.org/details/u.-s.-v.-mc-david-396-f.-appx-365Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs (Genesis of Peace Movement) https://archive.org/details/alohaprogram/10.1.1.620.4209/United States vs. Eric McDavid https://archive.org/details/mcdavid-08-10250-2011-04-18/page/10/mode/2upDunn v. City of Seattle et al, No. 2:2018cv00257 - Document 63 (W.D. Wash. 2019) https://archive.org/details/dunn-v-seattleECO TERRORISM AND LAWLESSNESS ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS https://archive.org/details/eco-terrorism-and-lawlessness-on-the-national-forests/-%20ECO-TERRORISM%20AND%20LAWLESSNESS%20ON%20THE%20NATIONAL%20FORESTS/World Trade Organization: Protest Movement 1999 (Globalization) https://archive.org/details/wto_1999_protest-footageELF & ALF are Racial Bigots (Frederick K. Goodwin): Violence Initiative https://archive.org/details/goodwin1992Cloak & Dagger at U.S. Surgical (Fran Trutt) https://archive.org/details/awi-1989-qWelcome to the Terrordome: 4GW, Collapse of the State, Private Government, Private Wars, and Piracy in a Post-Governance Era https://archive.org/details/4gw_nats/ADA369033/World Trade Organization: Protest Movement 1999 (Globalization) https://archive.org/details/wto_1999_protest-footageDavid Foster Wallace: ZDF Interview (2003) https://archive.org/details/wallace2003_part-consumerism----Private Security Regimes (Weak States, Failed States, and 'Refugee Warriors') - War Lords:Fugitives, family, fortune seekers and franchisees: towards understanding foreign criminal actors in Africa https://archive.org/details/2022-04-14-research-paper-27International Security Affairs (ISA): Security Regimes https://archive.org/details/intl_sec_af_isa/ADA095925/Syndicates & Mafias (Private Security Regimes) https://archive.org/details/paoli_l/paoli2020/'Lost Decades' - State Failure, (in Africa) https://archive.org/details/zolberg1968/Decalo1973%282%29/Hybrid & Quasi Government (Private Government) https://archive.org/details/quasi_gov/seidman1988/Entitativity https://archive.org/details/entitativity_syndicates_vdtoGrupos Autodefensas: Community Self Defense (State Failure) https://archive.org/details/grupos-autodefensas_latam/fuentes-diaz2015/Risk Management as Private War (Racketeering) https://archive.org/details/risk_management_war_piracy/2015-ohio-219/NATIONAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE MODEL (NIEM) https://archive.org/details/niem_20221217/domain2017/Weak States (State Failure) https://archive.org/details/weak-states_state-failure/dobbin1998/Mercenaries and transnational security corporations in the post‐cold war era (Civil Wars) https://archive.org/details/nossal1998eGrupos Autodefensas: Noblesse Oblige & the Mafia (Romani Justice) https://archive.org/details/noblesse-oblige_mafia/acton2003/----Surrogate Protection & Refoulement https://archive.org/details/refugee_surrogate_prot_refoule/adjin-tettey1997/Discursive Analysis of Euro-supremacy https://archive.org/details/europes_commitment_to_racism----Red Baiting (Clean Torture & Enhanced Interrogation) https://archive.org/details/red_baiting/carleton1987/Anarchist General Strike (May Day Walkout) https://archive.org/details/mayday-general_strike/flynt1968/Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs (Genesis of Peace Movement) https://archive.org/details/alohaprogram/10.1.1.620.4209/----Legal Reviews:Phelan, Albert F. "The Power of the Attorney General to Declare an Organization Subversive." Temp. LQ 29 (1955): 95.Silver, Henry A. "The Loyalty Order in the Supreme Court." Law. Guild Rev. 11 (1951): 88.King, Donald L. "The Legal Status of the Attorney General's List." Calif. L. Rev. 44 (1956): 748.Wechsler, Nancy F. "CIVIL LIBERTIES." The American Jewish Year Book (1952): 77-86.Atkinson, David N. "American Constitutionalism Under Stress: Mr. Justice Burton's Response to National Security Issues." Hous. L. REv. 9 (1971): 271."Constitutional Law - Tenancy in Federal Housing Projects - Requirement of Oath of Non-Membership in Proscribed Organizations." 2 Howard L.J. 136 (1956).GOLDBLOOM, MAURICE. "CIVIL LIBERTIES." The American Jewish Year Book (1953): 25-33.Ginger, Ann Fagan, and Samuel M. Koenigsberg. "Report on Rules for Admission to the Bar: Tests of Applicants' Loyalty and Good Moral Character." Law. Guild Rev. 18 (1958): 58.McDermott, Clare. "An Incident in the Federal Employee Loyalty Program." U. Pitt. L. Rev. 12 (1950): 89.Hess, Carol A. "“If That Be Treason, Let Them Make the Most of It!”: Olin Downes, the Spanish Civil War, and Civil Liberties in the United States." American Music 40.2 (2022): 245-271.["On the evening of March 31, 1948, fighting words rang out from the podium at New York's Hotel Astor. Some 900 guests had assembled to hear various speakers hold forth on what one called the “tyrannous and murderous regime” of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, the victor in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39).1 All present knew that many thousands of Spaniards once allied with the Second Spanish Republic (the left-leaning government Franco had toppled) were still reduced to refugee status. Helping these refugees, who sought only basic material comforts, simply reflected the “true American spirit,” this speaker observed. Further, roiling debate in the United States over Spain and a host of other conflicts proved that civil liberties were fast deteriorating at home. Summing up his resistance to the status quo, the speaker ended by quoting what was then believed to be Patrick Henry's “second-most famous utterance”."]Goldstein, Robert Justin. "Getting Delisted: The Independent Socialist League's [Ultimately] Successful Challenge to the Attorney General's List of Subversive Activities, 1948-1958." Am. J. Legal Hist. 52 (2012): 143.Silberstein, Robert J. "The Seven Lean Years: 1947-1954." Guild Prac. 33 (1975): 21.Fraenkel, Osmond K. "Law and Loyalty." Iowa L. Rev. 37 (1951): 153.Rogge, O. John. "Report on Civil Liberties." Law. Guild Rev. 9 (1949): 13.Bischoff, Ralph F. "Constitutional Law and Civil Rights." NYUL Rev. 29 (1954): 54.----RUSSIAN METHODS OF INDOCTRINATING CAPTURED PERSONNEL, CIA-RDP65-00756R000400030003-2, April 1, 1952, [ANTIFA: "various 'clubs' organized for the same general purpose of inciting rebellion against the Nazi regime were gradually being supplanted by the 'antifa' (anti-fascist) movement", "Selected converts of communism were sent to 'antifa' schools and, after completing their training, were given more and more responsibility for the operation fo the camps and the indoctrination program (under close supervision of Soviet camp authorities)."]----[Refugee Investigation Team in Hamburg, Germany in 1955-56][United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration][U.S. Dept. of the Interior, War Relocation Authority, (1946)][US Dept State Escapee Program (USEP)][American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee][Communist Conspiracy (Stephen King Hall 1953)][EXECUTIVE ORDER 9835][EO 10422]Anarchy USA - Film on the Marxist roots of the civil rights and decolonial movementhttps://archive.org/details/anarchy-usa-film-on-the-marxist-roots-of-the-civil-rights-and-decolonial-movement["Produced in 1966 by the John Birch Society, this educational film uses stories and news footage to document the methods of communist revolutionaries in Asia, Africa and America. It then exposes the civil rights movement and denounces the urban unrest of the 1960s."]Hinton v. Devine , 633 F. Supp. 1023 ED PA 1986[employees loyalty board, constitutionality of EO 10422,]United States, Executive Office of the President Harry S. Truman. EXECUTIVE ORDER 9835: PRESCRIBING PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF AN EMPLOYEES LOYALTY PROGRAM IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT. 21 March 1947.WRA: A Story of Human Conservation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, War Relocation Authority, 1946. Print.https://archive.org/details/wrastoryofhumanc00unit/page/n7/mode/1up["The price of prejudice. The FBI raids, Mass registration, the renunciation of citizenship, The army's program of individual exclusions and detention, The management of [segregation] centers, The fright for status. Recruitment for military intelligence, Hardening of the West coast opposition, Democracy evacuates a minority"]Refugee Issues (Collection)https://archive.org/details/refugee_issues_wra_unrra/CIA-RDP61S00750A000600090014-0/{Aid to Jews Overseas: Report on the Activities of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for the Year 1936. New York: American Jewish joint distribution committee, 1936. Internet resource.}----El Ministro De Defensa Dice Que A Los Líderes Sociales Los Matan Por Líos De Faldas Y De Vecinos https://archive.org/details/el-ministro-de-defensa-dice-que-a-los-lideres-sociales-los-matan-por-lios-de-faldas-y-de-vecinos["During the medieval period, individuals pursuing knowledge, often itinerant scholars or students from diverse backgrounds, faced significant challenges, including the threat of persecution or collective punishment imposed by local authorities. In response to these challenges, these peripatetic seekers of knowledge began forming associations or universitates scholarium, often organized along national or regional lines. These communities provided a collective defense mechanism, offering mutual support and protection against the legal and social risks associated with being a foreign scholar or student. Over time, these protective associations evolved into more formalized structures, laying the foundation for what we recognize today as universities. The medieval university, born out of the necessity for protection, thus became an enduring institution that transcended its original purpose. The medieval university system, often intertwined with religious institutions, was instrumental in shaping the intellectual landscape of that era. Monasteries, in particular, served as centers of learning, preserving and transmitting knowledge through painstaking manuscript copying and scholarly activities. The historical episode of Merton College siding with Parliament, not Royalists, during the English Civil War offers insight into the intricate dynamics between academic institutions, ecclesiastical figures, and political factions." (University of Bologna - Merton College) {Jacques Verger, Christopher Brooke, Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, Charles H. Haskins}"]----ANTIFASCHIST=ANTIFASCHISTENANTIFASCHISTISCH=ANTIFASCHISTISCHENANTIFASCHISTISCHE=ANTIFASCHISTISCHENBook Information:    Title: Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in der Sowjetunion: Antifa    Author: Gert Robel    Publisher: Ernst und Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld, 1974    Series: Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkrieges, Bd. 8.    Language: German    ISBN: 3769403878, 9783769403879    OCLC Number: 476604117    Description: xv, 487 pages, [8] tav. (illustrations)Magazines/Series: Antifa-Jungfront    Link: Antifa-Jungfront Record    Type: Journal    Title: Antifa-Jungfront    Organization: Youth Commission for the Preparation of the European Anti-Fascist Youth Conference    Secondary Microfilm Output: Berlin: SAPMO-BArch, Copenhagen Publishing House: Antifa Press Service    Publication Date: 1933-1933    Frequency: Irregular    Language: German    Relationship: Supplement to Anti-Fascist Front    Annotation: CopenhagenOnline Resource: Nuremberg 1937    Link: Nuremberg 1937 Record    Title: Nuremberg 1937    Edition: [Online Edition]    Secondary Edition: Leipzig; Frankfurt, M.: German National Library, 2013. Online resource    Publisher: [Brussels]: [Siko]    Publication Date: [1937]    Extent/Format: [6] pages    Other Edition: Print edition: Nürnberg 1937    Persistent Identifier: URN: urn: nbn: de: 101: 1-2013072512655    Language: German    Relationships: Information letter; [1937]    Notes: [Antifa leaflet of the Siko group around Max Sievers on the upcoming party congress, on socio-political forays, on the economic crisis]Online Access:    Open online access medium (only possible in the reading room----{https://marxists.architexturez.net/glossary/people/comintern/index.htm}    Argentina Regional Workers Federation [FORA]        Main union federation split into anarchist and syndicalist wings.        Anarchist wing initially sympathetic to Comintern but broke with it by 1922.        Syndicalist wing included a pro-communist current with CP participation.    Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-76)        Russian anarchist.        Leader of split with Marxist forces in the First International.    Berkman, Alexander (1870-1936)        Russian Empire-born anarchist.        Imprisoned for attempted assassination of a capitalist.        Partner of Emma Goldman.        Jailed for opposition to war, deported to Russia, initially supported, then opposed Bolshevik rule.        Emigrated in 1921 and continued anarchist activity in Western Europe.    Colomer, André (1886-1931)        Anarchist with strongly individualist views.        Anti-militarist in France during the war.        Secretary of Paris theatrical union in 1919.        Co-founder of CGTU in 1922.        Broke with anarchism and joined CP in 1927.        Died in Moscow.    Dunois, Amédée (1878-1945)        French anarchist writer.        Joined SP in 1912, internationalist during the war.        Supporter of Comintern in 1920.        Member of CP and its executive from 1921.        Quit CP in 1927, rejoined SP in 1930.        Active in resistance under Nazi occupation, arrested by Gestapo in 1943 and 1944.        Died in a concentration camp in February 1945.    Goldman, Emma (1860-1940)        Russian Empire-born anarchist.        Lived in New York from 1885.        Leading anarchist educator.        Jailed several times, including for opposing war in 1917.        Deported to Soviet Russia in 1919.        First supported, then opposed Bolshevik rule.        Left Russia in 1921 and lived mostly in Western Europe.        Continued anarchist activity until death.    Henriet, Arthur (1866-1954)        Co-founder of an anarchist group in the Ardennes region in 1893.        Active in the French cooperative movement from 1895.        Leader of socialist cooperatives.        Leader of the pro-Communist wing of cooperatives from 1919-25.        Removed from leadership positions for signing a protest against 'Bolshevisation' in 1925.    Itschner, Hans Heinrich (1887-1962)        Anarcho-syndicalist before the war.        One of the first Swiss Communists after 1917.        Expelled for indiscipline in 1932.        Subsequently became an anarchist.    Makhno, Nestor (1889-1934)        Ukrainian anarchist.        Led a peasant army in the Russian civil war from 1918.        Allied with Soviets in 1919-20 but came into conflict with them and was defeated in 1920.        Emigrated in 1921.    Mayoux, François (1882-1967)        Teacher, unionist.        Member of French SP from 1905-19.        Jailed for antiwar activity in 1918-19.        Founding member of CP in 1921.        Defended syndicalist views.        Expelled from CP in 1922 and from CGTU in 1929.        Wrote for anarchist publications into the 1950s.    Mayoux, Marie (1878-1969)        Teacher, unionist.        Member of French SP from 1905-19.        Organized antiwar activity in Tours in 1915.        Briefly jailed for antiwar activity in 1918.        Founding member of CP in 1921.        Defended syndicalist views.        Expelled from CP in 1922 and from CGTU in 1929.        Wrote for anarchist publications into the 1950s.    Méric, Victor (1876-1933)        Initially anarchist, anti-militarist.        Joined French SP in 1906.        Member of Committee for Third International.        Member of French CP executive in 1921.        Led right-wing current hostile to Comintern discipline and united front.        Rejected 4WC decisions, expelled in 1923.        Subsequently wrote for Frossard’s paper, then for his own pacifist publication.    Mesnil, Jacques (1872-1940)        Member of Belgian Workers Party who became an anarchist in the 1890s.        Lived in Italy from 1899-1914, then moved to France.        Became left-wing socialist in 1918 and founding member of CP in 1920.        Wrote for L’Humanité.        Expelled from CP in 1924.        Later collaborated with left syndicalists.----Anarchist zine contributors from 1980's & 1990's - and where they are now:*(This list was auto-processed, and appears to contain several errors. For original data please check collection.)1. Robin Morgan2. John McGuffin3. Murray Bookchin4. Allen Antliff5. Cathy Levine6. Jo Freeman7. Kimberly B. Stratton8. Joe Braun9. Barbara Streibel10. Jim Campbell11. Karen Silkwood12. Stew & Judy Albert13. Bill Dunne14. Rebecca Catwell15. Yvonne Wanrow16. Inez Garcia17. Phillip Ruff18. Jake Prescott19. Iris Mills20. Elaine Leeder21. Wendy Ayotte22. Iain A. Boal23. Jacque Camatte24. Lorenzo Komboa Ervin25. Freddy Jo Morry N.J. Rahway Larry Schau26. Roy Trace Standing Deer William Mackey27. David Gilbert28. Joyce Hes29. G. Jewell30. David Kline31. Charles E.M. Kolb32. Michael Lee33. Elaine J. Leeder34. Raymond Luc Levasseur35. Arthur J. Miller36. Pep Murray37. Tania Szablowski38. Don Alexander**Current Affiliations and Professions:**1. Don Alexander, Ray Tomalty, and Mark Anielski: Authors of "The Challenges in Implementing a Smart Growth Agenda: The 2005 BC Sprawl Report."2. Plan International Canada: Member of a global organization dedicated to advancing children’s rights and equality for girls.3. Various individuals associated with activism, academia, consultancy, legal aid, philosophy, and more.**Love & Rage:**- Christopher Day- Darrell Gordon, Chicago IL: Activist, VJ, and Chicago soul aficionado; one of the founders of AIDS activism in Chicago.- Gustavo Rodriguez, Miami FL: Mentioned with a link to [Anarchists Worldwide](https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2019/12/11/the-chilean-insurrection-letter-from-anarchist-comrade-gustavo-rodriguez-about-the-current-situation-in-chile/)- Kieran Frazier, Minneapolis MN- Sunshine Smith, Berkeley CA: Involved with Jimmy Buffett’s Margaritaville retail shop and charitable activities.**Other Individuals:**- David John Douglass- Rebekah Ford: Partner and Engagement Coordinator at BC Provincial Government.- Michele Favarger: Financial Aid Administration at University of Victoria.- Lisa Austin: Associate professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto.- Andrew Clark: Justice Sector Consultant, Project Management Expert at Willowtree Consulting.- Aaron Collins: Delivers assurance and advisory services to First Nations.- Mark Read: Radium Hot Springs, Councilman.- Derek Long: UNK.- Bryan Teixeira: Senior NGO Consultant, Nonviolence Theory and Practice ([LinkedIn Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bryan-teixeira/29/5a0/508)).- Terry Conlin- Leroy Cox- Hayford Tawiah: AKA Tawia Joseph Hayford, MSc Marketing, University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland UK. Author of "The Political Economy of Development Strategies in Ghana (1948-1988)".- Elspeth Heyworth- Teresa Hibbert: Professor in the Sociology department at The University of Texas at El Paso.- Kay Maharaj- Wallace Northover: Author of "Affect and Action: Their Ontogenetic Relation. APF Press, 2003."- Ato Sekyi-Otu- Johanna Stuckey**Love & Rage:**- Christopher Day- Darrell Gordon, Chicago IL: Activist, VJ, and Chicago soul aficionado; one of the founders of AIDS activism in Chicago.- Gustavo Rodriguez, Miami FL: Mentioned with a link to [Anarchists Worldwide](https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2019/12/11/the-chilean-insurrection-letter-from-anarchist-comrade-gustavo-rodriguez-about-the-current-situation-in-chile/)- Kieran Frazier, Minneapolis MN- Sunshine Smith, Berkeley CA: Involved with Jimmy Buffett’s Margaritaville retail shop and charitable activities.**Other Individuals:**- David John Douglass- Rebekah Ford: Partner and Engagement Coordinator at BC Provincial Government.- Michele Favarger: Financial Aid Administration at University of Victoria.- Lisa Austin: Associate professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto.- Andrew Clark: Justice Sector Consultant, Project Management Expert at Willowtree Consulting.- Aaron Collins: Delivers assurance and advisory services to First Nations.- Mark Read: Radium Hot Springs, Councilman.- Derek Long: UNK.- Bryan Teixeira: Senior NGO Consultant, Nonviolence Theory and Practice ([LinkedIn Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bryan-teixeira/29/5a0/508)).- Terry Conlin- Leroy Cox- Hayford Tawiah: AKA Tawia Joseph Hayford, MSc Marketing, University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland UK. Author of "The Political Economy of Development Strategies in Ghana (1948-1988)".- Elspeth Heyworth- Teresa Hibbert: Professor in the Sociology department at The University of Texas at El Paso.- Kay Maharaj- Wallace Northover: Author of "Affect and Action: Their Ontogenetic Relation. APF Press, 2003."- Ato Sekyi-Otu- Johanna Stuckey