"Until recently, the science of psychopathology had been com­partmentalized, with psychopathologists examining the separate effects of psychological, biological, and social influences. This approach is still reflected in popular media accounts that describe, for example, a newly discovered gene, a biological dysfunction (chemical imbalance), or early childhood experiences as a “cause” of a psychological disorder. This way of thinking still dominates discussions of causality and treatment in some psychology text­ books: “The psychoanalytic views of this disorder are . . . ,” “the biological views are . . . ,” and, often in a separate chapter, “psycho­ analytic treatment approaches for this disorder are . . . ,” “cognitive behavioral treatment approaches are . . . ,” or “biological treatment approaches are . . .” In the first edition of this text, we tried to do something verydifferent. We thought the field had advanced to the point that it was ready for an integrative approach in which the intricate inter­ actions of biological, psychological, and social factors are expli­ cated in as clear and convincing a manner as possible. Recent explosive advances in knowledge confirm this approach as the only viable way of understanding psychopathology."