The book has been written by a team of leading Soviet authorities in the field of cybernetics, among them Academicians Yu. Ovchinnikov, A. Baev, V. Afanasyev, P. Anokhin, A. Migdal, Yu. Gulyaev. The contributors discuss the latest achievements in biology from the viewpoint of cybernetics, describe multiple functions that constitute living matter, the basis of brain reliability, the psychics modeling limits, and the mathematical methods in psychology. Also, they examine the problems relating to life and age, death and immortality, and the experimental ways of making life longer. The book will undoubtedly be of interest to all those interested in, or concerned with, cybernetics or allied fields. The book was translated from the Russian by Vitaly Kisin and compiled by V. D. Pekelis and edited by I. M. Makarov. ContentsPreface. Yu. A. Ovchinnikov 7Note from the Compiler. V. D. Pekelis 10I. Biology and Information 23 Biology Today 23Basic Tendencies in Physico-Chemical Biology. Yu. A. Ovchin­nikov 23Genetics, Evolution, and Theoretical Biology. N. V. Timofeev-Resovsky 33Transition to Constructing Living Systems. A. A. Baev 41 Autowaves: An Interdisciplinary Finding. G. R. Ivanitskyt V. I. Krinsky, and 0. A. Mornev 52Cybernetics' Standpoint 75Cybernetics Approach to Theoretical Biology. A. A. Lyapunov 75 Information Tneory and Evolution. M. V. Volkenshtein 83 Control Sciences and the Harvest. Yu. M. Svirezhev 94II. The Complexity of Living Systems 105 Integrity of Life 105On Systematic and Integral Nature of Man. V. G. Afanasyev 105 The Contribution of Psychology to Systems Research of Man. B. F. Lomov 115Brain and Intelligence 127Natural Intelligence versus Artificial Intelligence: The Phi­losophical View. P. K. Anokhin 127On Reliability of the Brain. A. B. Kogan 142Novel Aspects 154Diurnal Rhythms and Adaptation. V. N. Reushkin 154 Searching Activity, Sleep, and Stability of the Organism. V. S. Rotenberg 183On Man's “Third State”. V. I. Klimova 195III. Difficulties on the Road to Truth 203Science and New Information 203Road to Truth (on the scientific method of cognition. A. B. Migdal and E. V. Netesova 203The Dynamics of New Truths in Biological Sciences. S. E. Shnol 217 On New Knowledge in Biological Studies. B. V. Biryukov 229 Criteria of Existence and Conflicting Situations in Science. D. I. Dubrovsky 237New Horizons in Cognition 244The Physical Fields of Biological Objects. Yu. V. Gulyaev and E. E. Godik 244Man’s Magnetic Fields. V. L. Vvedensky and V. I. Ozhogin 225 Radio Freguency Emission of Human Body and Medical Diag­nostics. V. S. Troitsky 266Several Problems in Psychology 276The Psychology of Cognition and Cybernetics. B. M. Velich-kovsky 276Subconsciousness and Superconsciousness. P. V. Simonov 292 The Principle of Active Operator in Engineering Psychology. B. F. Lomov 307The Organism and Age 325Ageing and Old Age. V. I. Klimova 325Extension of Human Life: The Biological Dimension and Expe­rimentation. V. V. Frolkis and Kh. K. Muradyan 336 Overhaul of Man. V. D. Pekelis 352About The Authors 361