In this post, we will see Elementary Textbook on Physics - Volume 3 - Oscillations And Waves Optics Atomic And Nuclear Physics edited by G. S. Landsberg.About the book:Volume 3 covers aspects of wave motion, oscillations, optics and atomic and modern physics. These topics include:Basic Concepts. Mechanical Vibrations. Acoustic Vibrations. Electric Oscillations. Wave Phenomena. Interference of Waves. Electromagnetic Waves. Light Phenomena: General. Photometry and Lighting Engineering. Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics. Application of Reflection and Refraction of Light to Image Formation. Optical Systems and Errors. Optical Instruments. Interference of Light. Diffraction of Light. Physical Principles of Optical Holography. Polarization of Light. Transverse Nature of Lightwaves. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Velocity of Light. Dispersion of Light and Colours of Bodies. Spectra and Spectral Regularities. Effects of Light. Atomic Structure. Radioactivity. Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Power. Elementary Particles. New Achievements in Elementary Particle Physics.About the series (from Front Jacket and Preface):Elementary Textbook on Physics first appeared in 1948-52 under the editorship of Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957) and immediately became popular with students preparing for entrance examinations in physics. The success of the book was due very much to the fact that each section was written by a specialist. Contributors to the book included the scientists S.E. Khaikin, M.A. Isakovich, M.A. Leontovich, D.I. Sakharov (Vol. 1), S.G. Kalashnikov (Vol. 2), S.M. Rytov, M.M. Sushchinskii (with the participation of I.A. Yakovlev), F.S. Landsberg-Baryshanskaya, and F.L. Shapiro (Vol. 3).These three volumes form a course on elementary physics that has become very popular in the Soviet Union. Each sectioh was written by an authority in the appropriate field, while the overall unity and editing was supervised by Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This textbook has gone through ten Russian editions and a great deal of effort went into the last edition to introduce SI units and change the terminology and notation for the physical units.A feature of this course is the relatively small number of formulas and mathematical manipulations. Instead, attention was focussed on explaining physical phenomena in such a way as to combine scientific rigour and a form understandable to school children. Another aspect of the text is the technological application of the physical laws.These features make the text a world-class textbook.For students preparing to enter universities and colleges to study physics, and for those it high schools specialising in physics.The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was first published by Mir in 1989.Contents Vol 3Front Cover 1Front Jacket 2Title Page 8Contents 10Preface to the First Russian Edition 16Part One Oscillations and Waves 18Chapter 1 Mechanical Vibrations Basic Concepts. 181.1. Periodic Motion. Period 181.2. Oscillatory Systems. Free Oscillations 181.3. Pendulum Kinematics of Oscillations 201.4. Vibrations of a Timing Fork 211.5. Harmonic Oscillations. Frequency 231.6. Phase Shift 261.7. Dynamics of Pendulum Oscillations 281.8. Formula for the Period of a Simple Pendulum 301.9. Elastic Vibrations 321.10. Torsional Vibrations 341.11. Effect of Friction. Damping 351.12. Forced Vibrations 381.13. Resonance 391.14. Effect of Friction on Resonance Phenomena 411.15. Examples of Resonance Phenomena 421.16. Resonance Phenomena Induced by an Anharmonic Periodic Force 441.17. The Relation Between the Form and Harmonic Composition of Periodic Oscillations 47Chapter 2 Acoustic Vibrations 512.1. Acoustic Vibrations 512.2. Subject of Acoustics 522.3. Musical Tone. Laudness and Pitch 532.4. Tembre 542.5. Acoustic Resonance 562.6. Recording and Reproduction of Sounds 582.7. Analysis and Synthesis of Sound 592.8. Noises 60Chapter 3 Electric Oscillations 633.1. Electric Oscillations and Methods of Their Observation 633.2. Oscillatory Circuit 663.3. Mechanical Analogy. Thomson Formula 693.4. Electric Resonance 723.5. Undamped Oscillations. Self-Excited Oscillatory Systems 753.6. Valve Oscillator 783.7. Theory of Oscillations 80Chapter 4 Wave Phenomena 844.1. Waves 844.2. Wave Propagation Velocity 864.3. Radiolocation4.4. Transverse Waves in a Cord 904.5. Longitudinal Waves in an Air Column 934.6. Waves on the Surface of a Liquid 964.7. Energy Transfer by Waves 984.8. Reflection of Waves 1014.9. Diffraction 1034.10. Directional Emission 105Chapter 5 Interference of Waves 1085.1. Superposition of Waves 1085.2. Interference of Waves 1095.3. Conditions for Formation of Interference Maxima and Minima 1115.4. Interference of Acoustic Waves 1135.5. Standing Waves 1145.6. Vibrations of Elastic Bodies as Standing Waves 1165.7. Free Vibrations of a String 1175.8. Standing Waves in Plates and Other Extended Bodies 1205.9. Resonance in the Presence of Many Frequencies 1225.10. Conditions for a Perfect Sound Emission 1245.11. Binaural Phase Effect. Sound Direction Finding 126Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Waves 1286.1. Electromagnetic Waves 1286.2. Conditions for a Perfect Emission of Electromagnetic Waves 1296.3. Oscillator and Aerials 1306.4. Hertz’ Experiments on Electromagnetic Waves. Lebedev’s Experiments 1346.5. Electromagnetic Theory of Light. Scale of Electromagnetic Waves 1376.6. Experiments with Electromagnetic Waves 1396.7. Popov’s Invention of Radio 1466.8. Modern Radio Communication 1496.9. Other Applications of Radio 1526.10. Propagation of Radio Waves 1546.11. Concluding Remarks 158Part Two Geometrical Optics 162Chapter 7 Light Phenomena: General 1627.1. Effects of Light 1627.2. Interference of Light. Colours of Thin Films 1647.3. Brief Information from the History of Optics 165Chapter 8 Photometry and Lighting Engineering 1678.1. Radiant Energy. Luminous Flux 1678.2. Point Sources of Light 1688.3. Luminous Intensity and Illuminance 1708.4. Laws of Illumination 1718.5. Units of Photometric Quantities 1738.6. Brightness of Sources 1748.7. Problems of Lighting Engineering 1768.8. Appliances for Concentrating Luminous Flux 1778.9. Reflectors and Scatterers 1788.10. Brightness of Illuminated Surfaces. 1818.11. Photometry and Measuring Instruments 182Chapter 9 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics 1879.1. Rectilinearity of Wave Propagation 1879.2. Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Light Rays 1889.3. Laws of Reflection and Refraction of Light 1939.4. Reversibility of Light Rays 1979.5. Refractive Index 1999.6. Total Internal Reflection 2029.7. Refraction in a Plane-parallel Plate 2059.8. Refraction in a Prism 206Chapter 10 Application of Reflection and Refraction of Light for Image Formation 20910.1. Light Source and Its Image 20910.2. Refraction in a Lens. Focal Points 21010.3. Images of Points Located on the Principal Optical Axis of a Lens. Lens Equation 21510.4. Applications of the Thin Lens Equation. Real and Virtual Images 21710.5. Image of a Point Source and of an Extended Object Formed by a Plane Mirror. Image of a Point Source Formed by a Spherical Mirror 22110.6. Focal Point and Focal Length of a Spherical Mirror 22410.7. Relation Between the Positions of a Source and Its Image on the Principal Optical Axis of a Spherical Mirror 22510.8. Methods of Preparation of Lenses and Mirrors 22610.9. Images of Extended Objects Formed by Spherical Mirrors and Lenses 22710.10. Magnification of Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors and Lenses 22810.11. Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors and Lenses 23010.12. Optical Power of Lenses 235Chapter 11 Optical Systems and Errors 23711.1. Optical System 23711.2. Principal Planes and Principal Points of a System 23711.3. Image Construction in a System 23911.4. Magnification of a System 23911.5. Drawbacks of Optical Systems 24011.6. Spherical Aberration 24111.7. Astigmatism 24411.8. Chromatic Aberration 24511.9. Confinement of Beam Cross Sectionsin Optical Systems 24611.10. Lens Aperture 24711.11. Brightness of Image 248Chapter 12 Optical Instruments 25112.1. Projection Optical Instruments 25112.2. Photographic Camera 25312.3. The Human Eye as an Optical System 25512.4. Optical Instruments Outfitting the Eye 25712.5. Magnifying Glasses 25912.6. Microscopes 26112.7. Resolving Power of Microscopes 26312.8. Telescopes 26312.9. Magnification of Telescopes 26512.10. Telescopes in Astronomy 26612.11. Image Brightness for Extended and Point Sources 27012.12. Lomonosov’s Telescope 27212.13. Binocular Vision and Sensation of Depth. Stereoscopes 272Part Three Physical Optics 277Chapter 13 Interference of Light 27713.1. Geometrical and Physical Optics 27713.2. Experimental Realization of Interference of Light 27713.3. Explanation of Thin Film Colours 28113.4. Newton’s Rings 28213.5. Calculation of Wavelength of Light with the Help of Newton’s Rings 284Chapter 14 Diffraction of Light 28714.1. Bundles of Rays and the Shape of Wave Surface 28714.2. Huygens’ Principle 28814.3. Reflection and Refraction from the Viewpoint of Huygens’ Principle 28914.4. Huygens’ Principle in Fresnel Interpretation 29114.5. Simple Diffraction Phenomena 29214.6. Explanation of Diffraction by Fresnel’s Method 29514.7. Resolving .Power of Optical Instruments 29614.8. Diffraction Grating 29914.9. Diffraction Grating as a Spectral Instrument 30114.10. Preparation of Diffraction Gratings 30214.11. Diffraction at an Oblique Incidence of Light on a Grating 302Chapter 15 Physical Principles of Optical Holography 30415.1. Photography and Holography 30415.2. Holographic Recording with a Plane Reference Wave 30715.3. Obtaining Optical Images by Reconstructing the Wave Front 31015.4. Holographing by Opposing Light Beam Method 31315.5. Application of Holography to Optical Interferometry 315Chapter 16 Polarization of Light. TransverseNature of Light Waves 32016.1. Passage of Light Through Tourmaline 32016.2. Hypotheses Explaining Observed Phenomena. Polarized Light 32116.3. Mechanical Model of Polarization 32216.4. Polaroids 32316.5. Thinsverse Nature of Light Waves and Electromagnetic Theory of Light 323Chapter 17 Electromagnetic Spectrum 32517.1. Methods of Investigating Electromagnetic Waves of Different Wavelengths 32517.2. Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation 32617.3. Discovery of X-rays 32717.4. Effects of X-rays 32917.5. X-ray Ihbe 33017.6. Origination and Nature of X-rays 33117.7. Scale of Electromagnetic Waves 332Chapter 18 Speed of Light 33418.1. First Attempts to Determine the Speed of Light 33418.2. Determination of the Speed of Light by Roemer 33518.3. Measurement of the Speed of Lightby Rotating-Mirror Method 336Chapter 19 Dispersion of Light and Colours ofBodies 33919.1. State-of-the-art in Chromatography Before Newton’s Studies 33919.2. Main Discovery of Newton in Optics 33919.3. Interpretation of Newton’s Observations 34119.4. Dispersion of Refractive Indicesfor Different Materials 34219.5. Complementary Colours 34319.6. Spectral Composition of Light Emitted by Various Sources 34519.7. Light and Colours of Bodies 34619.8. Absorption19.10. Coloured Bodies Illuminated by Coloured Light 34819.11. Masking and Unmasking 34919.12. Colour Saturation 35019.13. Colour of the Sky and Dawns 351Chapter 20 Spectra and Spectral Regularities 35420.1. Spectroscopic Instrumentation 35420.2. types of Emission Spectra 35520.3. Origin of Different Types of Spectra 35720.4. Spectral Laws 35820.5. Spectral Analysis Using Emission Spectra 35920.6. Absorption Spectra of Liquids and Solids 36220.7. Absorption Spectra of Atoms. Fraunhofer Lines 36220.8. Investigation of Red-Hot Bodies. Blackbody 36320.9. Temperature Dependence of Emission of Red-Hot Bodies. Incandescent Lamps 36520.10. Optical Pyrometry 366Chapter 21 Effects of Light 36821.1. Action of Light on a Substance. Photoelectric Effect 36821.2. Laws of Photoelectric Effect 36921.3. Light Quanta 37221.4. Application of Photoelectric Phenomena 37421.5. Photoluminescence. Stokes’ Shift 37621.6. Physical Meaning of Stokes’ Shift 37821.7. Luminescent Analysis 37821.8. Photochemical Action of Light 37921.9. The Role of Wavelength in Photochemical Processes 38021.10. Photography 38021.11. Photochemical Theory of Vision 38421.12. Duration of Visual Sensation 386Part Four Atomic and Nuclear Physics 393Chapter 22 Atomic Structure 39322.1. Atoms 39322.2. Avogadro’s Constant. Size and Mass of Atoms 39422.3. Elementary Electric Charge 39622.4. Units of Charge22.5. Measurement of Mass of Charged Particles. Mass Spectrograph 40022.6. Electron Mass. Velocity Dependence of Electron Mass 40322.7. Einstein’s Law 40522.8. Mass of Atoms. Isotopes 40822.9. Isotope Separation. Heavy Water 41022.10. Nuclear Model of Atom 41222.11. Energy Levels of Atoms 41522.12. Induced Emission of Light. Quantum Generators 42022.13. Hydrogen Atom. Peculiarities of Motion of an Electron in an Atom 42422.14. Many-Electron Atoms. Origin of Optical and X-Ray Spectra of Atoms 42822.15. Mendeleev’s Periodic System of Elements 42922.16. Quantum and Wave Properties of Photons 43222.17. Fundamentals of Quantum (Wave) Mechanics 438Chapter 23 Radioactivity 44623.1. Discovery of Radioactivity. Radioactive Elements 44623.2. Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma- Radiation. Wilson Cloud Chamber23.3. Methods of Detecting Charged Particles 45323.4. Properties of Radioactive Radiation 45623.5. Radioactive Decay and Radioactive Thinsformations 46023.6. Applications of Radioactivity 46423.7. Accelerators 464Chapter 24 Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Power 47024.1. Nuclear Reactions 47024.2. Nuclear Reactions and Transformation of Elements 472243. Properties of Neutrons 47324.4. Nuclear Reactions Induced by Neutrons 47524.5. Artificial Radioactivity 47724.6. Positron 47924.7. Application of Einstein’s Law to Annihilation and Pair Formation 48124.8. The Structure of Atomic Nuclei 48224.9. Nuclear Energy. Energy Sources of Stars 48524.10. Uranium Fission. Chain Nuclear Reaction 48824.11. Application of Nondecaying Chain Fission Reaction. Atom and Hydrogen Bombs 49324.12. Nuclear Reactors and Their Applications 495Chapter 25 Elementary Particles 50325.1. General Remarks 50325.2. Neutrino 50525.3. Nuclear Forces. Mesons 50725.4. Particles and Antiparticles 51125.5. Particles and Interactions 51625.6. Detectors of Elementary Particles 51825.7. Clock Paradox 52325.8. Cosmic Radiation (Cosmic Rays) 524Chapter 26 New Achievements in Elementary-Particle Physics 52826.1. Accelerators and Experimental Technology 52826.2. Hadrons and Quarks 53326.3. Quark Structure of Hadrons 54226.4. Quark Model and Formation and Decay of Hadrons 54326.5. Leptons. Intermediate Bosons. The Unity of All Interactions 547Answers and Solutions 551Part I Oscillations and Waves 551Part II Geometrical Optics 553Part III Physical Optics 556Part IV Atomic and Nuclear Physics 557Conclusion 562Index 565Back Jacket 577Back Cover 578